Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation

travel. The young Englishmen who visited Italy in the sec- ond half of the 16th century, for instance, promoted an in- terest in ...

Travel by water had its own set of drawbacks. Cramped and unhygienic conditions were unavoidable on the tiny ships, even for tho ...

Traversari, Ambrogio (Fra Ambrogio, Ambrose of Camaldoli) (c. 1386–1439) Italian humanist He entered the Camaldolese Order in 14 ...

and what Roman Catholic and what clergyman or layman belonged to which confession, the doctrinal decrees of the first two sessio ...

under Justinian, aimed at a purely Homeric style. Trissino also wrote Pindaric odes, the first imitation of a Horatian ode in It ...

presses, ensured that new designs from Italy or northern Europe made an increasing impact upon native craftsmen. Ecclesiastical ...

group of Lyonnaise poets and a member of the PLÉIADE, he produced the first volume of his Erreurs amoureuses, con- taining some ...

USA in 1915 under the name of Centaur. Also in Venice, Aldus MANUTIUScommissioned a highly successful roman face which he used i ...

Uccello, Paolo (Paolo di Dono) (1397–1475) Italian painter A Florentine by birth, Uccello was praised by Cristoforo LANDINOin 14 ...

Further reading: Franco and Stefano Borsi, Paolo Uc- cello (London: Thames & Hudson, 1994). Udall, John See MARPRELATE CONTR ...

three Germans set up their press there for a couple of years. The Reformation posed a massive challenge to the universities in s ...

Ursulines A religious order for women founded at Bres- cia in 1535 by St. ANGELA MERICI. Its primary purpose was the education o ...

Vaenius See VEEN, OTTO VAN Vair, Guillaume du See DU VAIR, GUILLAUME Valdés, Alfonso de (c. 1490–1532) Spanish humanist and writ ...

was also famous for its exported majolica wares, especially in the 15th century. Valerianus, Pierius (Giovanni Pietro delle Foss ...

of the ideas for military devices were impractical, such as the plan for a cart driven by windmills geared to its wheels, but th ...

cerned with courtiers. Vasconcelos’s novel, Memorial da Segunda Távola Redonda (c. 1554), defends the old values of chivalry; ly ...

to him by contemporaries, about one third survive, in- cluding entremeses (farcical interludes) and autos (reli- gious plays) as ...

During the 14th and 15th centuries Venice was one of the main political, mercantile, and maritime powers of Eu- rope. It ruled o ...

with her, and with doves, sparrows, or swans, who either carried messages for her or drew her chariot. The frequent inclusion of ...

to replace or at least equal Latin developed at different speeds in different countries, either helped by HUMANISM, as in Italy, ...