A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Plate 6.4: Lincoln Cathedral, Interior (choir begun 1192, nave begun 1225). Many English Gothic cathedrals emphasized surface or ...

By the mid-thirteenth century, Gothic architecture had spread to most of Europe. Yet the style varied by region, most dramatical ...

Plate 6.5: San Francesco at Assisi (upper church; completed by 1253). Influenced by French Gothic, this church of the Franciscan ...

Plate 6.6: Reims Cathedral, West Portal, Saint Joseph (c.1240). Compare Saint Joseph on this Gothic portal with the portrayal of ...

Worldly Concerns in and out of Church The depiction of Joseph in the guise of proud father reflected a new and widespread sensib ...

Peter should not proceed with bloodletting, Bartholomew said, because of Peter’s unbalanced constitution. Galenic theory held th ...

pope’s committees beforehand—to reform both clergy and laity. It defined Christianity—embracing some doctrines while rejecting o ...

others. Some canons singled out Jews and heretics for special punitive treatment; others were directed against Byzantines and Mu ...

setting up fraternal groups throughout Italy, France, Spain, the Crusader States, and later Germany, England, Scotland, Poland, ...

the bishop of Lodève. Asked about the Eucharist, for example, “they answered that whoever consumed it worthily was saved, but th ...

less several decades later, when Saint Francis established his new order. But when Waldo went into the street and gave away his ...

Christian children in a morbid revisiting of the crucifixion of Jesus. This charge, called “blood libel” by historians, led to m ...

Bernard (see p. 192) who, while preaching the Second Crusade in Germany, urged one to the north as well. Thus began the Northern ...

Map 6.6: German Settlement in the Baltic Sea Region, Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries Colonization was the unanticipated conseque ...

“Thanks be to God.” In this sense Constantinople was taken so that the saints could get better homes. IRELAND In 1169 the Irish ...

responsive to numerous individual and collective goals. But in the next century, while harmony was the ideal and sometimes the r ...

Notes 1 Henry’s father, Geoffrey of Anjou, was nicknamed Plantagenet from the genêt, the name of a shrub (“broom” in English) th ...

19 Advice from “Archimatthaeus,” in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 346. Return to text. 20 Jacques de Vitry, The Life of Mary of Oi ...

Further Reading Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor. London: Oxford University Press, 1988. Angold, Michael. The B ...

http://www.utphistorymatters.com for Study Questions. ...