A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Learning as well as art was key to the sultans’ notions of power. Mehmed and his successors staffed their cities with men well s ...

Plate 8.8: History of Alexander the Great, Tapestry (c.1459). To the right of the depiction of his ascent into the air, Alexande ...

Plate 8.9: Rogier van der Weyden, Columba Altarpiece (1450s). Depicting three standard scenes from Christ’s childhood—the Annunc ...

Plate 8.10: Jan van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban (1433). Compare this head with that of the idealized Mars from imperial Rome (Plat ...

Both the Italian and Northern Renaissances cultivated music and musicians, above all for the aura that they gave rulers, princes ...

In the Low Countries, northern Germany, and the Rhineland, the devotio moderna (the “new devotion”) movement found, to the contr ...

as harbors, political turmoil, and anchorage. But navigating the Atlantic depended on more; it required methods for exploiting t ...

Map 8.6: Long-distance Sea Voyages of the Fifteenth Century Portugal’s successes and pretensions roused the hostility and rivalr ...

become one, for if he did it would be greatly to his honor and advantage, but if, on the other hand, he refused to obey, he woul ...

1378 Ciompi revolt in Florence 1378–1417 Great Schism of the papacy 1381 Wat Tyler’s Rebellion c.1390–1441 Jan van Eyck 1414–141 ...

Notes 1 Nicephorus Gregoras, Roman History, in Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, e ...

17 A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499, ed. and trans. E.G. Ravenstein (rpt. New York, 1964), p. 30. Retur ...

Further Reading Aberth, John. From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, War, Plague, and Death in the Later Middle A ...

To test your knowledge of this chapter, please go to http://www.utphistorymatters.com for Study Questions. ...

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Epilogue Cortéz may have used the old vocabulary of vassalage when speaking of his conquests in the Americas, but clearly the re ...

Glossary aids In England, this refers to payments made by vassals to their lords on important occasions. The Annunciation See Vi ...

cleric A man in church orders. collegiate church A church for priests living in common according to a rule. The Crucifixion The ...

fresco A form of painting using pigments on wet plaster, frequently employed on the walls of churches. gentry By the end of the ...

coastline of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Mass The central ceremony of Christian worship; it includes prayers and readings fro ...