A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

5.1 San Miniato Cathedral (late 12th cent.). View of the facade. Cathedral, San Miniato, Italy. Reproduced by permission of Scal ...

the Upper Basilica, S. Francesco, Assisi, Italy, from the east, after the earthquake of 1997. Photo: Ghigo Roli, 2002. Reproduce ...

Comune di Padova–Assessorato alla Cultura. 7.11 Giotto, Raising of Lazarus, Scrovegni Chapel (1304–1306). Fresco (post restorati ...

Figures 2.1 Late Antique Ephesus. Adapted from Stefan Karwiese, Gros is die Artemis von Ephesos (Vienna: Phoibos Verlag, 1995), ...

Index Page numbers for illustrations are in italics. Aachen, 98 , 106 , 211. See also Otto III, king and emp. Gospels (c.996), 1 ...

Alexander III, pope (1159–1181), 211 Alexandria, 6 –7, 46 , 53 Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emp. (r.1081–1118), 159 , 170 –71 A ...

Why God Became Man, 192 Ansgar (d.865), 139 antiking, 169 definition of, 330 Antioch, 6 –7, 53 , 119 –20, 171 –72, 198. See also ...

Carolingian, 75 , 96 –98, 102 Christian, 158 Crusader, 170 –71, 198 , 201 , 236 Díaz de Vivar’s, 175 English, 236 Flemish, 205 , ...

Asella, 10 Ashikpashazade, 287 Asia, 23 , 126 , 243 , 329 Asturias, 73 , 93 Athanasius, Saint, bishop of Alexandria (c.295–373), ...

Basil I, Byzantine emp. (r.867–886), 84 Basil II, Byzantine emp. (r.976–1025), 117 , 119 –21, 123 , 138 , 148 , 158 portrait of, ...

Bologna, 178 –79, 210 , 284 , 300 , 301 –2 University of, 219 –20, 229 Bonaventure, Saint (c.1217–1274), 265 –66 Boniface, Saint ...

Bulgars, 41 , 45 , 80 , 83 , 121 , 123 , 130 bull. See names of individual bulls definition of, 330 Burchard, bishop of Worms. S ...

Carolingians, 79 , 96 –97, 102 , 105 –6, 133 , 145 , 320 genealogy, 100 Carthage, 6 , 53. See also Tunis Tombstone (2nd cent.?), ...

Chelles, 105 China, 57 , 89 , 241 –44, 284 , 287 , 322 Chinghis Khan (c.1162–1227), 242 –43 chivalric/chivalrous/chivalry, 126 , ...

clerical celibacy, 74 , 165 clerical marriage, 74 , 164 –65, 170 definition of, 331 taxation of, 258 –59 Clericis laicos (1296) ...

Constance, Council of (1414–1418), 302 –3, 305 Constance I, queen of Sicily and empress, 211 Constance II, queen of Sicily (d.13 ...

Crete, 119 , 201 Crucifixion, 234 , 307 definition of, 331 Crusade/Crusades Albigensian (1209–1229), 234 , 251 First (1096–1099) ...

devotio moderna, 322 Dhuoda Handbook for Her Son, 106 Diarmait Mac Murchada. See Dermot MacMurrough, king Dias, Bartholomeu (d.1 ...

299 –300, 306 , 314 , 323 economic contraction, 300 –1 fairs/markets, 132 , 135 , 161 , 170 , 247 , 278 –79 gift, 61 , 129 , 165 ...

anger, 52 , 209 love, 189 , 215 –18, 232 , 267 –68 empire. See names of individual empires definition of, 331 England, 58 –61, 6 ...