A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Saint-Martin of Tours, 105 , 160 –61 Saint-Maurice d’Agaune, 27 –28, 29 Saisset, Bernard, bishop of Pamiers, 259 Saladin, sultan ...

Sententiae (Peter Lombard), 179 Serbia, 82 , 212 , 287 serfs/serfdom, 130 –32, 148 , 165 , 233 , 253 , 278 , 299 –300, 324 Sergi ...

students. See education Suetonius Lives of the Caesars, 97 Sueves, 23 –24 Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis (1081–1151), 176 , 221 , 2 ...

Theodosius I, Roman emp. (r.379–395), 7 , 34 , 99 Theodosian Code, 25 , 34 Theodosius II, Roman emp. (r.408–450), 29 theology, 1 ...

Ulfila, Gothic bishop (311–c.382), 8 , 25 Umar, caliph, 56 Umayyad caliphate/Umayyads, 56 –57, 79 , 87 –88, 123. See also Andalu ...

Peace of (1177), 211 Venus, Cupid, and Mars (c.1495–1505) (Piero di Cosimo), 306 –7, 308 –9 Verdun, Treaty of (843), 101 vernacu ...

William of Ockham (d.1347/1350), 266 , 303 William of Rubruck, 243 William the Marshal (d.1219), 218 William I the Conqueror, ki ...

Only since the ninth century has the title of “pope” come to be associated exclusively with the bishop of Rome. Return to text. ...

Dates refer to the duration of the tetrarchy. Return to text. ...

Abbasid caliphs continued at Baghdad—with, however, only nominal power—until 1258. Thereafter, a branch of the family in Cairo ...