A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

values, 44 , 217 , 307 farms/farming. See economy, rural fast/fasting, 10 , 52 , 74 , 92 Fatimah, 56 , 124 Fatimid caliphate/Fat ...

friaries, 258 friars, 231 , 265 –66, 279. See also names of individual mendicant orders Frisia, 97 Froissart, Jean, 289 , 296 , ...

Scrovegni Chapel, Padua (1304–1306), 270 , 272 , 274 Gisela, 105 Gniezno, 145 , 148 Golden Bull (1356), 253 Gospel Book of Otto ...

guilds, 163 –64, 192 , 213 , 218 –21, 233 , 236 , 250 , 286 , 300 statutes, 218 –20, 237 Guillaume de Lorris Romance of the Rose ...

heretic/heretics/heretical, 7 , 231 –34, 251 –52, 255 , 279 Arius, 8 Cathars, 232 in Church canons, 230 Crusade against, 234 Fre ...

Ile-de-France, 145 , 176 , 207 , 220 , 233 , 250 illumination (manuscripts), 84 , 106 , 270 , 275 definition of, 332 imam, 56 , ...

Janissaries, 288 Jarrow, 66 Jean de Meun Romance of the Rose, 267 Jean Pépin de Huy, 265 Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc), 292 , 295 , ...

Kempe, Margery Book of Margery Kempe, 302 –3, 320 Kenneth I MacAlpin, king (d.858), 129 Khazars, 89 , 121 Khurasan, 87 –88 Khwar ...

issued by communes, 164 , 286 Novel (934), 119 Ottoman, 288 Roman, 7 –8, 25 , 34 , 170 , 179 , 210 schools of, 158 , 179 , 220 T ...

Cathedral, Interior (choir begun 1192, nave begun 1225), 221 , 225 , 225 Lindisfarne, 66 Lindisfarne Gospels (1st third of 8th c ...

Tower of, 295 lords/lordships, 59 , 61 , 103 , 127 , 130 –34, 163 , 171 –72, 202 , 204 , 213 –14, 216 , 219 –20, 233 , 236 –37, ...

Mansur, al-, caliph (r.754–775), 88 Mantua, 307 , 320 manuscripts, 83 , 103 , 105 , 126 , 184 , 305 , 322. See also illumination ...

Meister Eckhart. See Eckhart Meleager on a Roman sarcophagus (2nd cent.), 11 , 15 , 15 , 20 –21, 270 , 275 , 307 Melisende, quee ...

Moravia, 82 , 145 moriscos, 304 Moscow, 241 , 243 , 284 Mosel River, 60 , 233 motet, 268 , 320 S’Amours, 268 , 269 Mozarabs, 93 ...

Council of (325), 7 –8 Council of (787), 80 Niccoli, Niccolò (1364–1437), 314 Nicephorus I, Byzantine emp. (r.802–811), 80 Nicet ...

orders chivalric, 296 military religious, 207 religious, 230 –31 of society, 131 –35, 252 Oresme, Nicole (c.1320–1382), 266 Orlé ...

Parlement (France). See estates; Estates General Parliament (England), 254 –55 parliaments, 252 , 329. See also court/courts, po ...

Cathedral Complex (11th–12th cent.), 184 Council of (1409), 302 plague. See Black Death; Justinian I, plague of Pliska, 80 , 83 ...

Quest of the Holy Grail (c.1225), 267 Qur’an, 50 –53, 57 , 87 , 92 , 126 , 158 Quraysh, 51 –52, 56 Radegund, Saint, 28 Raising o ...

Roman Pontiff, 72 , 165 , 259. See also Gregorian reform; Investiture Conflict; names of individual popes Romance of the Rose (G ...