Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar

19 directional verbs 19.1 Structure of directional verbs Directional verbs consist of an action verb that involves motion (a mot ...

directional suffixes 19.3 19.3 directional suffixes Directional suffixes are either simple or complex. 19.3.1 Simple directional ...

dIrecTIOnAL verbS 19.4 19.3.2 complex directional suffixes Complex directional suffixes have two parts. The first part indicates ...

Sentences with directional verbs 19.4 要是你看不懂，就别再看下去了。 Yàoshi nǐ kànbudǒng, jiù bié zài kànxiàqùle. If you do not understand it, ...

dIrecTIOnAL verbS 19.4 你不可以把汽车开进[公园]去。 你不可以把汽車開進[公園]去。 Nǐ bù kěyǐ bǎ qìchē kāijìn [gōngyuán] qù. You are not allowed to drive yo ...

Asking yes–no questions with directional verbs 19.6 19.5 The potential form of directional verbs Like resultative verbs, most di ...

dIrecTIOnAL verbS 19.7 When using a directional verb, verb-not-verb yes–no questions may take one of the following forms. Mandar ...

directional verbs and directional suffixes with figurative or idiomatic meaning 19.7 起來 qǐlái (directional suffix). In addition ...

20 把 bF sentences: The ‘disposal’ construction 把 bǎ sentences focus on what happens to the object of a verb as the result of som ...

Properties of the subject and object in 把 bF sentences 20.2 把 bǎ sentences with inanimate subjects 昨天晚上大火把他们家烧了。 昨天晚上大火把他們家燒了。 Z ...

把 bAˇ SenTenceS: The ‘dISPOSAL’ cOnSTrucTIOn 20.3 *她把文章写了写。 她把文章寫了寫。 Tā bǎ wénzhāng xiěle xiě. (intended: She wrote the essay.) ...

Properties of the verb in 把 bF sentences 20.3 20.3.2 Adding an endpoint to an open-ended action verb To add an endpoint to an op ...

把 bAˇ SenTenceS: The ‘dISPOSAL’ cOnSTrucTIOn 20.5 Follow the verb with the durative aspect suffix 着/著 zhe. 把这点儿钱带着。 把這點兒錢帶著。 B ...

Adverbs and modal verbs in 把 bF sentences 20.5 你得把你的房间收拾收拾。 你得把你的房間收拾收拾。 Nǐ děi bǎ nǐ de fángjiān shōushi shōushi. You should cl ...

21 The passive 21.1 The structure of the Mandarin passive In active sentences, the subject is typically the agent, the noun phra ...

The passive and negation 21.2 The presence of 给/給 gěi before the verb indicates that the sentence is passive, even when the pass ...

The PASSIve 21.5 21.3 Conditions for using the passive in Mandarin The Mandarin passive is used under the following circumstance ...

Other Mandarin structures that highlight the affected object & de-emphasize the agent 21.6 给/給 gěi is also used as a verb m ...

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Part B Situations and functions ...