A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

246 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 representatives from the three estates—clergy, nobility, and commoners— that had be ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 247 feudalism disappeared in Western Europe, it became more prevalent in the East as lords disposse ...

248 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Table 7.1. The Size of European Armies, 1690-1814 1690 1710 1756/60 1789 1812/14 Br ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 249 expansion of the Royal Navy. The crown’s reputation for repayment facili­ tated raising money t ...

250 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 In France, the very existence of the French, or Gallican Church, defied papal claim ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 251 Turkish galleys feared in the Mediterranean. Some joined the “janissary” infantry, a military c ...

252 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 portrait of Louis XIV in 1701 shows a supremely confident and powerful king standin ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 253 Nobles were willing to suffer extraordinary levies in times of war. But now they complained bit ...

254 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 and right to rule, although he was only thirteen. But he faced an immediate challen ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 255 imports. Louis XIV established the royal Gobelins tapestry manufacture on the edge of Paris and ...

256 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 plebeian insurrection. Troops were also good for local business. In 1667, Louis too ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 257 The chateau of Versailles, built by Louis XIV between 1669 and 1686. Louis XIV at Versailles Lo ...

258 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Louis summoned the greatest nobles of the realm to Versailles to share in his glory ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 259 (Left) The symbol of the sun used to glorify the absolute ruler, Louis XIV. (Right) This carica ...

260 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Notoriously ascetic, they criticized the Church for encouraging a lax morality by h ...

The Balance of Power 261 had met four times between 1 560 and 1593, had not been convoked since 1614. Even the king of France wa ...

262 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 in any conflict invariably claimed that its cause was just. European power politics ...

The Habshurg Monarchy 263 When Charles V abdicated as emperor in 1558, he divided the Habshurg domains into two parts. His broth ...

264 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 The Hungarian nobles, proud of their defense of the Habsburg empire against Turkish ...

The Rise of Prussia 265 much of Croatia. The Peace of Karlowitz (1699) confirmed the Habsburg victory over the Turks. Although O ...