The Russian Empire 1450–1801

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13 Imperial Imaginary and the Political Center To stay viable, empires must stay dynamic. They must regularly renegotiate their ...

Figure 13.1Ukrainian-trained engravers brought baroque book illustration to Moscow in the second half of the seventeenth century ...

The messages that Kyiv-educated clerics preached to the court elite from mid- seventeenth century reflected the integration of c ...

to improve social welfare, state power, and social discipline. Such rulers pursued cameralist and mercantilist policies to impro ...

ideology became the martial power of Mars and the tempering justice, wisdom, and culture (as well as bravery) of Minerva; their ...

Figure 13.2 Peter I filled the garden alongside his Summer Palace with statuary symbolic of classical virtues and skills; here A ...

Figure 13.3 This modern engraving of a 1672 portrait of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich from the “Tituliarnik ”(a collection of portra ...

military power (Peter-Paul Fortress), naval power and shipbuilding (Admiralty), orderly government (Twelve Colleges), practical ...

Official odists celebrating accessions, name days, and military victories clothed Empresses Anna, Elizabeth, and Catherine in a ...

naval victory at Chesme in 1770, for example, shows Peter I admiring from the clouds while Turkish captives placeflags at the fo ...

but rule through display was a precept of absolutist rule across Europe. Gendered clichés about Russia’s female rulers, which st ...

monarchs did, and she kept them, as John Alexander has detailed, at arm’s length from power. But contemporary English and French ...

to legality; they maintained the politics of difference towards imperial subjects and continued to play the role of just judge. ...

1533 – 8, Sofiia Alekseevna 1682–9), dynastic women exercised real power. Even during their husbands’lives, tsars’wives ruled ov ...

granddaughter of Ioann, Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg, who was not even engaged or married at the time. When Empress Anna died ...

manifestos justifying her accession as a choice of the people over her husband’s tyranny and oligarchy; she declared herself hei ...

Catherine worked in the last decades of her reign to depict herself, and the Russia she ruled, as a civilized, European state. T ...

to fear him as unpredictable, prone to irrational fits of rage, and capable of undermining traditional privileges and status of ...

end of the eighteenth century did classicism come to Kazan, aided by a 1765fire that opened opportunity for Catherinian urban pl ...