The Russian Empire 1450–1801

PUBLIC HEALTH The state responded more systematically in this century to the continued outbreaks of disease that we saw in Chapt ...

subsided in 1772, half the city’s population hadfled and three-quarters of those who remained had died, upwards to 70,000 people ...

body. Over the eighteenth century the state did not waver in its control of major judicial issues; as discussed in Chapter 14, j ...

this century, but it provided an additional tool to the state for its most important initiatives. As a rule, Russia maintained a ...

Figure 16.1 Broadsheets and penny press in the eighteenth century generally steered clear of political themes, but critique of o ...

heresy, magic, marriage, and divorce—was affirmed, but other issues were moved to secular courts, such as sexual offenses (rape, ...

penalty. In 1743 she expressed her discomfort with the practice, and in laws of 1751 and 1753 the Senate essentially replaced it ...

“Feeding the Troops: Russian Army Supply Policies during the Seven Years War,” Canadian Slavonic Papers29 (1987): 24–44. For civ ...

472 – 85; Alton Donnelly,“The Mobile Steppe Frontier: The Russian Conquest and Colonization of Bashkiria and Kazakhstan to 1850, ...

17 Soslovie, Serfs, and Society on the Move The development of society in the Russian empire in the eighteenth century is full o ...

POPULATION GROWTH AND MOBILITY Russia’s eighteenth century was a century in motion: between 1646 and 1796, the Russian empire ex ...

In thefirst decades of the eighteenth century as fortified lines pushed south into the forested steppe between the Dnieper and V ...

10 percent of the new settlers, more than half of it Russian peasants, the rest Tatars and Middle Volga peoples. The Black Sea s ...

population in the 1760s to about 52 percent by 1795. Ukrainians also moved into the Don Cossack lands, constituting a third of t ...

from Muscovite gentry (deti boiarskie) and other social groups from Cossacks to runaway serfs who manned steppe garrisons in the ...

subsequently landlords raised quitrent faster than did the state. In the 1760s, landlords were asking one to two rubles inobrok, ...

of abuses, Paul I at his coronation spoke in favor of the three-day labor limit and no peasant labor on Sundays (but since in so ...

categories of military servitors were folded into the peasantry. These included odnodvortsy, gentry, musketeers, provincial Coss ...

certainly also engaged in trade and crafts. Some married their way, or talked their way, into urban taxpaying or higher social s ...

done in the landlord’s name. We see the fruits of the law’s ambiguities in the eighteenth century. Because most landlords did no ...