The Russian Empire 1450–1801

challenging life; he noted in his diary that he spent more than half the time away from home in the early years of his career, i ...

Onraznochintsy: Elise Kimerling Wirtschafter,Social Identity in Imperial Russia(DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press ...

19. Confessionalization in a Multi-ethnic Empire Although the Russian empire had contained non-Christian faiths since at least t ...

Masonry (Nikolai Novikov, Alexander Radishchev, Prince M. M. Shcherbatov, N. M. Karamzin), even argued in favor of true tolerati ...

sixteenth century the state, not the Orthodox Church, was responsible for approv- ing the construction of new mosques, which it ...

(three years’relief from poll tax and recruit obligations) and by violence (more than 400 of 518 mosques in Kazan province were ...

books in Russian and Tatar translations. It also suspended Orthodox missionary work against Islam, a policy that lasted into the ...

Muslims constituted about 5 percent of the empire’s population, from Crimea to the Volga to Irkutsk. They boasted several center ...

move to control the spread of Buddhism here and proselytize Orthodoxy more aggressively. Mention should be made, however, of Rus ...

guaranteed the religious freedom of Lutherans as he recruited officers, engineers, and tradesmen and when he conquered previousl ...

religions, the Lutheran Church was organized as a department within the Depart- ment of Spiritual Affairs in the Ministry of Int ...

millenarian, its day-to-day practice was that of a religion“of the book,”focused on scripture, law, and teachers. Russia acquire ...

way theyfit Norman Cohn’s model of millenarianism; he connects anti-rational, messianic religious movements with social distress ...

Belief over the eighteenth century; revitalization and standardization of Uniate practice in the eighteenth century. These dispa ...

State and Orthodox Church cracked down on those they regarded as Orthodox dissenters (Uniates, Old Believers, sectarians). As fo ...

Kemper, Anke von Kügelgen, and Dmitriy Yermakov, eds.,Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th ...

20. Maintaining Orthodoxy The eighteenth century was turbulent within and without Orthodoxy. Church and state both turned critic ...

Ukrainian schools (Chernigov, Lviv). Much has been made of two tendencies they allegedly represented, one seemingly pro-Catholic ...

tradition, rather these educated bishops were refreshing and re-energizing the faith in a confessionalizing approach from within ...

science and rationality into belief without dismissing revelation. Faithful to Ortho- dox moral philosophy, they put particular ...