Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

fore, if water is in balance in all of the compartments, the electrolytes are also in balance. Although water and ions are const ...

fluids. Osmolarityis the concentration of dissolved materials present in a fluid. Dehydration raises the osmolarity of the blood ...

Naions back to the blood. Aldosterone is secreted when the Naion concentration of the blood de- creases or whenever there is a ...

446 Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance Some of the major imbalances of electrolyte levels are described in Box 19–2: Electr ...

Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance 447 BOX19–2 ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES Hyperkalemia—a consequence of acute renal fail- ure o ...

(NaHCO 3 ), a weak base. Each of these molecules par- ticipates in a specific type of reaction. If a potential pH change is crea ...

know, the respiratory system may be the cause of a pH imbalance or may help correct a pH imbalance from some other cause. Respir ...

Metabolic alkalosisis not common, but may be caused by the overuse of antacid medications or the vomiting of stomach contents on ...

people, who may become severely dehydrated before they begin to feel thirsty. An important behavioral consideration is that elde ...

a fraction of a second, but have the least capacity to prevent pH changes. Bicarbonate buffer system—see text for reactions; im ...

Men tend to be more watery than women. The rea- son has to do with two tissues, one of which is more watery than the other. Wha ...

454 CHAPTER 20 Chapter Outline Meiosis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Male Reproductive System Testes Epididymis Ductus Deferens Ejac ...

CHAPTER 20 The Reproductive Systems 455 New Terminology Cervix (SIR-viks) Ductus deferens (DUK-tus DEF-er-enz) Endometrium (EN-d ...

The purpose of the male and female reproductive systemsis to continue the human species by the pro- duction of offspring. How dr ...

tion occurs, the nuclei of the egg and sperm merge, and the fertilized egg (zygote) has 46 chromosomes, the diploid number. Thus ...

Mitosis Stem cell Oogonium New stem cell Figure 20–2. Oogenesis. The processes of mitosis and meiosis are shown. For each primar ...

Each testis is about 1.5 inches long by 1 inch wide (4 cm by 2.5 cm) and is divided internally into lobes (Fig. 20–4). Each lobe ...

460 The Reproductive Systems Spermatic cord Testicular artery and veins Ductus deferens Nerve Rete testis Capillaries Epididymis ...

didymis the sperm complete their maturation, and their flagella become functional. Smooth muscle in the wall of the epididymis p ...

fluid that helps maintain sperm motility. The smooth muscle of the prostate gland contracts during ejacula- tionto contribute to ...