Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

A summary of the digestive secretions and their functions is found in Table 16–1. Regulation of these secretions is shown in Tab ...

called the brush border. All of these folds greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal lining. It is estimated that if ...

LARGE INTESTINE The large intestine, also called the colon, is approx- imately 2.5 inches (6.3 cm) in diameter and 5 feet (1.5 m ...

enters the colon is absorbed (400 to 800 mL per day). Positive and negative ions are also absorbed. The vita- mins absorbed are ...

387 BOX16–5 FIBER no protective effect of fiber against colon cancer. What we can say for sure is that fiber may not be the only ...

The liver also changes other monosaccharides to glucose. Fructose and galactose, for example, are end products of the digestion ...

teins to bond to oxygen. Copper (as well as iron) is part of some of the proteins needed for cell respi- ration, and is part of ...

Function of the Digestive System—to break down food into simple chemicals that can be absorbed into the blood and lymph and util ...

Saliva—amylase digests starch to maltose; water dissolves food for tasting and moistens food for swallowing; lysozyme inhibits ...

amino acids, vitamin C and the B vitamins, miner- als, and water. Blood from the small intestine goes to the liver first by way ...

Many people with GERD take proton-pump inhibitors, medications that reduce stomach acid. Why should these people be especially ...

394 CHAPTER 17 Chapter Outline Body Temperature Heat Production Heat Loss Heat loss through the skin Heat loss through the respi ...

Body Temperature and Metabolism 395 New Terminology Anabolism (an-AB-uh-lizm) Catabolism (kuh-TAB-uh-lizm) Coenzyme (ko-EN-zime) ...

During every moment of our lives, our cells are breaking down food molecules to obtain ATP (adeno- sine triphosphate) for energy ...

organs produce ATP for peristalsis and for the syn- thesis of digestive enzymes. Changes in body temperature also have an effec ...

however, the air can hold a great deal more water vapor, and sweat evaporates quickly from the skin sur- face, removing excess b ...

needed. This is accomplished by vasodilation in the dermis and an increase in sweating. Vasodilation brings more warm blood clos ...

the body temperature is returning to normal. The sequence of temperature changes during a fever is shown in Fig. 17–1. You may b ...

Catabolismmeans decomposition, the breaking of bonds of larger molecules to form smaller molecules. Cell respiration is a series ...

energy is used to bond a free phosphate molecule to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ADP and free phos- phates are present in cells ...