Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

the details of each stage are beyond the scope of this book, we will summarize the most important aspects of each, and then rela ...

404 Body Temperature and Metabolism Carbohydrates Fats Fatty acid Pyruvic acid Acetyl CoA Citric acid (Beta oxidation in the liv ...

new proteins. Excess amino acids, however, those not needed immediately for protein synthesis, may be used for energy production ...

synthesize necessary materials for cells and tissues. A simple summary of these reactions is shown in Fig. 17–4. The three food ...

clotting; albumin to maintain blood volume; pepsin and amylase for digestion; growth hormone and insulin; and the thousands of e ...

Fatty Acids and Glycerol The end products of fat digestion that are not needed immediately for energy production may be stored a ...

409 Table 17–5 VITAMINS Vitamin Functions Food Sources Comment Water Soluble Thiamine (B 1 ) Riboflavin (B 2 ) Niacin (nicotinam ...

your own metabolic rate. A number of factors affect the metabolic rate of an active person: Exercise—Contraction of skeletal mu ...

Body Temperature and Metabolism 411 BOX17–4 METABOLIC RATE Example:A 160-pound man: 160 lb at 2.2 lb/kg = 73 kg 73 kg x 1.0 kca ...

becomes less active, the total decrease is almost 5% per decade. Body configuration of adults—Tall, thin people usually have hi ...

Body Temperature Normal range is 96.5°to 99.5°F (36°to 38°C), with an average of 98.6°F (37°C). Normal fluctuation in 24 hours ...

Regulation of Heat Loss The hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body and regulates body temperature by balancing heat product ...

Age—metabolic rate is highest in young children and decreases with age. Body configuration—more surface area propor- tional to ...

restrictive (compared to the 2000 calories or more that many of us in North America consume). Would it be worth it for a life sp ...

CHAPTER 18 The Urinary System 417 ...

418 CHAPTER 18 Chapter Outline Kidneys Internal Structure of the Kidney The Nephron Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Blood Vessels o ...

The Urinary System 419 New Terminology Bowman’s capsule (BOW-manz KAP-suhl) Detrusor muscle (de-TROO-ser) External urethral sphi ...

The first successful human organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed in 1953. Because the donor and recipient were iden ...

creatinine, and ammonia, which must be removed from the blood before they accumulate to toxic levels. As the kidneys form urine ...

422 The Urinary System Renal corpuscle Renal cortex Renal tubule Renal medulla Papillary duct B D Papilla of pyramid Calyx Renal ...