A History of the World From the 20th to the 21st Century

He was the best guarantee that France would not be plunged into civil war. The trouble was that the trusting French settlers and ...

and by none more than the half-million conscripts sent to Algeria. The verdict on de Gaulle offered by the historian Alistair Ho ...

even though there were many who disapproved of his highhandedness and regarded his treatment of governments and parliament and h ...

of the European Economic Community with its supranational Commission. Would the EEC be launched at all on 1 January 1959, requir ...

Signals were also sent to the US that France regarded NATO as an unequal alliance and required change as the price of continued ...

victory, some belated reforms and a rapid return to calm and stability. Was it just a brief period of turbulence of no great sig ...

autumn in preference to devaluation. By the spring of 1969 de Gaulle had decided to put his leadership to the test by another re ...

The war had been won by the British people acting in rare unison. Traditional class differences were softened by the wartime exp ...

The Labour government was as passionately attached to parliamentary democracy, civil liber- ties and the independence of the law ...

the party, though its most radical exponent was Harold Macmillan. Macmillan was entrusted with redeeming Tory pledges to build 3 ...

Britain failed to develop its own missiles to carry the nuclear warheads and so was obliged to buy them from the US. In December ...

minority population was granted special safe- guards, with both Greece and Turkey promising to respect Cypriot sovereignty. Brit ...

Harold Wilson sought a solution by negotiating with the Rhodesian premier Ian Smith, a former battle of Britain pilot, who enjoy ...

thus draining the Third World of the educated and skilled personnel it could spare least of all. It has been estimated that by 1 ...

were accompanied by a few policemen at their ritual Easter march to Aldermaston. The Teddy boys, the Mods and the Rockers provid ...

Organisation. The Americans pressed for West German rearmament, while the French, looking back on their historical experience, f ...

loosened his grip. Although he had occupied the senior offices of state during the short space of 1951–7 – Housing, Defence, the ...

produce from New Zealand, Australia, Canada and elsewhere in the world. The Treaty of Rome appeared to be contrary to Britain’s ...

Negotiations for a package deal nevertheless seemed to be making reasonable progress when de Gaulle in January 1963 brought them ...

Italy remains persistently self-effacing in inter- national affairs. The Italian people have with relief turned their back on th ...