A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry
The Strengths of Acids and Bases H H R 2 $/' > RsNH<*:0/ \ \ H H \. •O—H H Thus as we go along the series NH 3 ->R-NH 2 ...
Aliphatic Bases completely ionised as there is no possibility, as with tertiary amines etc., of reverting to an unionised form: ...
The Strengths of Acids and Bases to be accurately measured. Both the neutral molecule and the cation, H 2 N=C(NH:J) 2 , resultin ...
Aromatic Bases Here the aniline molecule is stabilised with respect to the anilinium cation (VII) and it is, therefore,' energet ...
The Strengths of Acids and Bases effect is operating and also to direct interaction, both steric and by hydrogen bonding, with t ...
Heterocyclic Bases between the o-N0 2 groups and the hydrogens of the NH 2 may help to hold these groups in the required orienta ...
r the unshared electron pair is again in an sp^3 orbital and its pJf 6 (3 *42) is almost identical with that of triethylamine (3 ...
Heterocyclic Bases CH—CH LI* N® \ H H (XI) is destabilised with respect to the neutral molecule (X); but the effect is here mo ...
3 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AT A SATURATED CARBON ATOM A TYPE of reaction that has probably received more study than any other—l ...
Relation of Kinetics to Mechanism The negative charge is spread in the transition state in the course of being transferred from ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom ionisation is largely recovered in the energy of solvation of the ions so f ...
Effect of Structure ions: thus the rate of hydrolysis (Sjyl) of t-butyl chloride is 30,000 times as fast in 50 per cent aqueous ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom and further kinetic investigation shows a change in order of reaction, and ...
Effect of Structure substituted, but the SJV2 mechanism involves a transition state in which there are five groups around the ca ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom By contrast, vinyl halides such as CH^CH—CI and halogeno- benzenes are very ...
Effect of Structure it is found that the SN 2 reaction rate falls as we pass along the series, the drop being particularly marke ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom STEREOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MECHANISM The hydrolysis of an optically act ...
Stereochemical Implications of Mechanism R'»-C—OH R R* (+) p-Me-C.HcSO.-a an) (IV) MeCO,® (VII) R R HO—C-R' \ R* eOH MeCOO—C-R' ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom (Hi) S,vl mechanism As the carbonium ion formed in the slow, rate-determini ...
Syi Mechanism higher proportion of inversion. A good solvating solvent such as water is particularly effective in this respect b ...
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