A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom latter has had time to collapse to the planar state, thus leading to a prod ...
Neighbouring Group Participation results in inversion of configuration at this carbon and the formation of the cyclic intermedia ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom Even if no stereochemical point is at issue, participation of neigh bourin ...
Effect of Entering and Leaving Groups halide, for this reagent does not take part in the rate-determining step of the reaction. ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom so here again ready polarisability is an advantage. Thus ease of expulsion ...
Nitrosation of Amines The leaving group in an Swl reaction determines the reaction rate; the lower the energy of the C-leaving g ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom obtained by its breakdown, but with aromatic primary amines some stabilisat ...
Other Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions widespread in organic chemistry and embraces very many more types than those of which ...
Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom (vi) The formation of alkyl halides: R-OH+H® -»• R-OH H BrQ + R-OH -*• BrR ...
Other Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions It will be noticed from these examples that the attacking nucleophile need not of nece ...
4 CARBONIUM IONS, ELECTRON-DEFICIENT N AND O ATOMS AND THEIR REACTIONS REFERENCE has already been made in the last chapter to th ...
Methods of Formation of Carbonium Ions This reaction is, of course, reversible and the reverse reaction, the acid-catalysed dehy ...
Carbonium Ions, Electron-deficient N and O Atoms In the two latter cases it is an acyl carbonium ion that may be momentarily for ...
The Stability of Carbonium Ions Me—O^-CHj <- Me— 6 =CH, leading to carbonium ions characteristically stabilised by delocalisa ...
Carbonium Ions, Electron-deficient N and O Atoms a carbonium ion that is so stable that its reaction with water, alcohols, etc., ...
Types of Reaction Undergone by Carbonium Ions All these possibilities are nicely illustrated in the reaction of nitrous acid wit ...
r Carbonium Ions, Electron-deficient N and O Atoms CH 3 —CH 2 —Mc + AlBr 3 ^ CH 2 —CH 2 —Me • HAlBr 3 * * which may happen in ca ...
The Neopentyl Rearrangement attack by EtOH can be at Ct or C 3 and a mixture of the two possible ethers is indeed obtained: Me • ...
Carbonium Ions, Electron-deficient N and O Atoms iMeT \ Me fOm^vn; C=CH—Me (IX> \ * / Me (XI) Such reactions in which a rearr ...
Rearrangement of Hydrocarbons Me Me—C—CH—/ X I I Me CI Me -ch£^ Me—C I Me Me © I Me—C—CH X Me (XII) etc. (b) Rearrangement of hy ...
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