Emergency Medicine

196 Toxinology Emergencies Spider Bites The majority of spider bites are associated with local symptoms of pain and erythema. Ce ...

Toxinology Emergencies 197 Marine Envenomation (c) i.v. administration diluted in 100 mL normal saline over 30 min may be used a ...

198 Toxinology Emergencies MARINE ENVENOMATION 2 Poisonous fish such as the stonefish, lionfish, bullrout (Australia) or lesser ...

Toxinology Emergencies 199 Bee and Wasp Stings (iii) Systemic stonefish envenomation: give one vial (2000 units) of stonefish an ...

200 Toxinology Emergencies Further Reading Murray L, Daly F, Little M, Cadogan M (2011) Toxicology Handbook, 2nd edition, Elsevi ...

ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES Section VII ...

202 Environmental Emergencies HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING Heat illness Heat illness occurs when the body’s capacity to dissipate hea ...

Environmental Emergencies 203 HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING (vi) Gain i.v. access and send blood for full blood count (FBC), coagulati ...

204 Environmental Emergencies HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING Other hyperthermia-related illness Hyperthermia-related syndromes may be a ...

Environmental Emergencies 205 HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING (a) arrange a senior doctor to perform endotracheal intubation and ventila ...

206 Environmental Emergencies HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING (iii) Severe hypothermia: the patient is comatose and may appear dead with ...

Environmental Emergencies 207 HEAT, COLD AND DROWNING 3 Cardiac arrest in a hypothermic patient (i) Severe hypothermia (core tem ...

208 Environmental Emergencies Sports-Diving Accidents (ii) Sudden preceding illness, such as a myocardial infarction, cerebrovas ...

Environmental Emergencies 209 SPORTS-DIVING ACCIDENTS It is most commonly associated with sports-diving accidents with scuba (se ...

210 Environmental Emergencies SPORTS-DIVING ACCIDENTS 3 Give midazolam 0.05–0.1 mg/kg i.v., diazepam 0.1–0.2 mg/kg i.v. or loraz ...

Environmental Emergencies 211 SPORTS-DIVING ACCIDENTS 5 Pulmonary barotrauma This is the most serious form of barotrauma that ca ...

212 Environmental Emergencies Electrical Burns, Electrocution and Lightning Strike (d) give midazolam 0.05–0.1 mg/kg i.v., diaze ...

Environmental Emergencies 213 ELECTRICAL BURNS, ELECTROCUTION AND LIGHTNING STRIKE 2 AC is more dangerous than DC and may induce ...

214 Environmental Emergencies ELECTRICAL BURNS, ELECTROCUTION AND LIGHTNING STRIKE 2 Injuries are associated with: (i) Electrica ...

Environmental Emergencies 215 ELECTRICAL BURNS, ELECTROCUTION AND LIGHTNING STRIKE Lightning strike DIAGNOSIS 1 Lightning strike ...