An introduction to Japanese - Syntax, Grammar & Language
Chapter 4 Particles Particles, called , or more affectionately referred to as (after the verb form and the three quintessential ...
152 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES The reading is a rare reading used mainly as a classical honorific prefix. It can be considered a very ...
4.1. PREFIXES 153 When is used, it expresses a noun negative, similar to the English prefixes ”un-”, ”im-”, ”a-” or ”de-”. Examp ...
154 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES prefix meaning ”all ...”, ”every ...” ”every ...” ”new ...” ”big” (two possible common pronunciations) ...
4.2. PARTICLES 155 quite a bit of ground to cover. The list of particles covered in this chapter is not an exhaustive list of al ...
156 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES mark’ role is fairly easily demonstrated: ”(I/you/he/she/it/we/they)’ll go.” ”Will/shall (I/you/he/she/ ...
4.2. PARTICLES 157 , ”will you have coffee?” and , ”will you have tea?”, into a single choice question. Answers can range from ( ...
158 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES choices in this way means offering people this kind of logical ’or’ choice: A: B: A: ”Will (you) have c ...
4.2. PARTICLES 159 In addition to all this, can be used to indicate a kind of rhetorical question usually associated with mild s ...
160 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES Subject, actor, weak emphasis, contrast We already saw in chapter 2, in the section on verb particles ...
4.2. PARTICLES 161 these things), if we use people instead of Xs and Ys, we end up with a uni- fied group: ”Honda and Sakaki are ...
162 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES Finally, we can do the most unnatural thing possible, and form a ’proper’ exhaustive list without any i ...
4.2. PARTICLES 163 instance, if it was a starlit night and we wanted to say that all the lights were causing the lake to sparkle ...
164 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES just quotes, as the following examples should illustrate: ”(I/you/he/she/it/we/they)’re thinking about ...
4.2. PARTICLES 165 to ”to be” when we use rather than , so there is a definite choice to be made which particle suits our need b ...
166 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES any ambiguity, because you’re asserting a fact. Since is acting as a logi- cal ’and’, statements involv ...
4.2. PARTICLES 167 something. Instrumental, event location The role of is technically two-fold, although some people consider ...
168 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES what mixing different things because they sound the same. In the follow- ing example sentence, for inst ...
4.2. PARTICLES 169 focus on the act of napping, would have had to be used instead). Just as for time, can also indicate an indet ...
170 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES when it doesn’t maĴer which you use. For instance, take the following two sentences: ”(I) will go to To ...
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