An introduction to Japanese - Syntax, Grammar & Language
4.4. ENRICHMENT 211 Generalisation While considered a colloquial emphatic version of , this particle is ac- tually a contracti ...
212 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES with verbs whose - /- forms have contractions, so for instance , play, becomes. ”Even if (you) say so n ...
4.4. ENRICHMENT 213 Calling aĴention This particle is a contraction of (when talking about ...) and is often used to grab some ...
214 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES Impossibility This is just combined with the emphatic , to create a construction signifying extreme e ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 215 4.5 Translating prepositions Japanese doesn’t have prepositions in the way a lot of western la ...
216 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES to as indirect object, as destination, or as direction with without This is done with either a verb in ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 217 4.5.3 The conceptual nouns list Above, up, upon, on The kanji for this word already hints at ...
218 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES Right Having covered above and below, the two orientation directions left and right. First up, right: ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 219 During The conceptual noun means several different things depending on its use, and has diff ...
220 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES is no abstract location but a real location, like the hollow of a tree, or the inside of a box, is used ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 221 used; when one only wishes to indicate something will happen after some specific time or event ...
222 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES Between Literally, this noun stands for the concept of ”in an interval”, where this interval can be e ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 223 the darkest night is something that faces us from this theoretical location: literally: ”I exp ...
224 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES However, for the following example we need to use instead of : ”Everyone was playing games and stuff ne ...
4.5. TRANSLATING PREPOSITIONS 225 noun side meaning the top the underside the front, the facing side the reverse, the other side ...
226 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES ...
Chapter 5 Counters and counting As mentioned in the outline of Japanese, counting in Japanese is every- thing but apparent or ea ...
228 CHAPTER 5. COUNTERS AND COUNTING 5.1 Counting Before we look at the counter particles, let’s briefly look at counting it- se ...
5.1. COUNTING 229 ples: 20 = 2 × 10 = 90 = 9 × 10 = 100 = , formally wriĴen as 120 = 100 + 2 × 10 = 780 = 7 × 100 + 8 × 10 = 100 ...
230 CHAPTER 5. COUNTERS AND COUNTING Aside from the numbers one through ten, there is also the ’number’ zero, which is typically ...
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