Dairy Chemistry And Biochemistry

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS PARAMETER IS WATER CONTENT 303 20 5 0 -2 -4 6 -8 .lo -12 -14 a-4 - 0 1 .., I 1 I I 1 I I I I I ...

304 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (where a, is a function of composition and temperature), a, below freezing is independent o ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS^305 X HZO % NaCl Figure 7.9 Nomograph for direct estimation of water activity (a,) of unripe ch ...

306 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY which adsorption occurs in the interior of the substance (Kinsella and Fox, 1986). The wate ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS^307 L E 8 r" C 2 .- 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Figure 7.11 Hysteresis of a moisture sorption iso ...

308 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Kuhn isotherm of amorphous lactose Water activity 8 Figure 7.12 Adsorption of water by skim ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS 309 Despite some conflicting evidence (Kinsella and Fox, 1986), it appears that denaturation ha ...

(^3 10) DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1 oa 8C CI C al c 8 bC w L 2 E c 40 20 0 (a) 100 60 60 40 20 0 0.53 0.22 2 4 6 8 LO PH ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS^311 presence of certain ionic groups, bound Na' or the increased ability of sodium caseinate to ...

312 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 100 -. .. A 0 0.2 '.. ' 0.4 '. ' 0.6 ' , ' ' 0.8. 1 .o Weight fraction of solids Figure 7.1 ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS 313 7.7 Role of water in stickiness and caking of powders and crystallization of lactose As dis ...

314 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Enzyme activity Loss of lysine 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 .o Water activity Figure 7.17 Stability ...

WATER IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS^315 reaches a maximum at intermediate moisture levels (a, x 0.40-0.80). However, the maximum ra ...

316 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY References Fennema, O.R. (ed.) (1985) Food Chemistry, 2nd edn, Marcel Dekker, New York. Hol ...

8 Enzymology of milk and milk products 8.1 Introduction Like all other foods of plant or animal origin, milk contains several in ...

318 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 0 secretory cell cytoplasm, some of which is occasionally entrapped within fat globules by ...

Table 8.1 Indigenous enzymes of significance to milk Enzyme Reaction Importance Lipase Proteinase (plasmin) Catalase Lysozyme Xa ...

320 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY at the farm and/or factory and altered product profile, e.g. UHT processing of milk, have i ...

ENZYMOLOGY OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 321 Plasmin is a serine proteinase (inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethyl s ...

322 DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Cathepsin D (EC3.4.23.5). It has been known for more than^20 years that milk also contains ...