The Foundations of Chemistry

Exercises 41 Physical property See Properties. Potential energy Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its position, conditio ...

42 CHAPTER 1: The Foundations of Chemistry type of steel consists of 95% iron, 4% carbon, and 1% mis- cellaneous other elements. ...

*31.Express 5.31 centimeters in meters, millimeters, kilome- ters, and micrometers. *32.Express (a) 1.00 ft^3 in liters; (b) 1.0 ...

Mixed Exercises *59.A sample is marked as containing 22.8% calcium carbon- ate by mass. (a) How many grams of calcium carbonate ...

74.During the past several years, you have gained chemical vocabulary and understanding from a variety of academic and entertain ...

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2 Chemical Formulas and Composition Stoichiometry ...

OUTLINE 2-1 Atoms and Molecules 2-2 Chemical Formulas 2-3 Ions and Ionic Compounds 2-4 Names and Formulas of Some Ionic Compound ...

ATOMS AND MOLECULES The Greek philosopher Democritus (470–400 BC) suggested that all matter is composed of tiny, discrete, indiv ...

For Group VIIIA elements, the noble gases, a molecule contains only one atom, and so an atom and a molecule are the same (see Fi ...

In modern terminology, O 2 is named dioxygen, H 2 is dihydrogen, P 4 is tetraphospho- rus, and so on. Even though such terminolo ...

CHEMICAL FORMULAS The chemical formulafor a substance shows its chemical composition. This represents the elements present as we ...

An aspirin molecule, C 9 H 8 O 4 , contains nine carbon atoms, eight hydrogen atoms, and four oxygen atoms. Many of the molecule ...

IONS AND IONIC COMPOUNDS So far we have discussed only compounds that exist as discrete molecules. Some com- pounds, such as sod ...

be included as a superscript on the right side of the chemical symbol(s) when we write the formula for the individual ion. As di ...

NAMES AND FORMULAS OF SOME IONIC COMPOUNDS During your study of chemistry you will have many occasions to refer to compounds by ...

The names of some common ions appear in Table 2-3. You will need to know the names and formulas of these frequently encountered ...

We use the information that the carbonate ion has a 2charge to find the charge on the iron ions. The total charges must add up ...

The SI unit for amount is the mole,abbreviated mol. It is definedas the amount of substance that contains as many entities (atom ...

As Table 2-4 suggests, the concept of a mole as applied to atoms is especially useful. It provides a convenient basis for compar ...