The Foundations of Chemistry

and from right to left across a period. This results in increasing basicity and decreasing acidity of the oxides in the same dir ...

Beryllium does not react with pure water even at red heat. It reacts with solutions of strong bases to form the complex ion, [Be ...

Heating limestone, CaCO 3 , produces quicklime,CaO, which can then be treated with water to form slaked lime,Ca(OH) 2 , an inexp ...

Aluminum is now used in electrical transmission lines and has been used in wiring in homes. The latter use has been implicated a ...

The very negative enthalpy of formation of aluminum oxide makes Al a very strong reducing agent for other metal oxides. The ther ...

Periodic Trends The atomic radii do not increase regularly as Group IIIA is descended (Table 6-1). The atomic radius of Ga, 1.35 ...

than would be predicted from the radii of B and Al. Atomic radii strongly influence other properties. For example, Ga, In, and T ...

GENERAL PROPERTIES The following are general properties of transition elements. 1.All are metals. 2.Most are harder and more bri ...

Titanium and nickel also have only a single nonzero oxidation state. All of the other 3 d-transition metals exhibit at least two ...

Chromium(VI) species are oxidizing agents. Basic solutions containing chromate ions, CrO 42 , are weakly oxidizing. Acidificati ...

Dehydration of chromate or dichromate salts with concentrated H 2 SO 4 produces CrO 3. Chromium(VI) oxide is a strong oxidizing ...

940 CHAPTER 23: Metals II: Properties and Reactions *21.Write general equations for reactions of alkaline earth metals with (a) ...

24 Some Nonmetals and Metalloids ...

OO nly about 20% of the elements are classified as nonmetals. With the exception of H, they are in the upper right-hand corner o ...

24-2 Xenon Compounds 943 THE NOBLE GASES (GROUP VIIIA) OCCURRENCE, USES, AND PROPERTIES The noble gases are very low-boiling gas ...

accidentally prepared and identified O 2
PtF 6 by reaction of oxygen with PtF 6. Bartlett reasoned that xenon also should be o ...

PROPERTIES The elemental halogens exist as diatomic molecules containing single covalent bonds. Properties of the halogens show ...

OCCURRENCE, PRODUCTION, AND USES The halogens are so reactive that they do not occur free in nature. The most abundant sources o ...

industrially important H 2 and caustic soda (NaOH) are also produced (Section 21-4). More than 26 billion pounds of chlorine was ...

REACTIONS OF THE FREE HALOGENS The free halogens react with most other elements and many compounds. For example, all the Group I ...