The Foundations of Chemistry

Representing alkyl groups as R, we can illustrate the three classes of alcohols. The R groups may be the same or different. Nome ...

Phenols are usually referred to by their common names. Examples are As you might guess, cresols occur in “creosote,” a wood pres ...

of alcohols are much higher than those of the corresponding alkanes (see Table 27-2) because of the hydrogen bonding of the hydr ...

Diethyl ether is a very low boiling liquid (bp 35°C). Dimethyl ether is a gas that is used as a refrigerant. The aliphatic ether ...

The simplest ketone is called acetone. Other simple, commonly encountered ketones are usually called by their common names. Thes ...

AMINES The aminesare derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Many ...

Some of these substances are fundamental building blocks of animal tissue, and minute amounts of others have dramatic physiologi ...

Genes, the units of chromosomes that carry hereditary characteristics, are long stretches of double helical deoxyribonucleic aci ...

EXAMPLE 27-12 Isomeric Carboxylic Acids Write the structural formula of each of the four carboxylic acids having the molecular f ...

Some carboxylic acid molecules contain more than one XCOOH group (Table 27-12). These acids are nearly always called by their co ...

Crystals of glycine viewed under polarized light. Glycine, the simplest amino acid, has the structure shown in the text, with R ...

1080 CHAPTER 27: Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties The fragment is derived from acetic acid, the parent acid; ...

27-14 Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids 1081 Naturally occurring fats and oils are mixtures of many different esters. Milk fa ...

derivatives of the corresponding carboxylic acids, the suffix -amidebeing substituted for ic acidor -oic acidin the name of the ...

27-14 Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids 1083 CC Our Daily Lives HEMISTRY IN USE Butter, Margarine, and transFats Humans had c ...

Figure 27-20 Summary of some functional groups and classes of organic compounds. 1084 CHAPTER 27: Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, ...

SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Some important functional groups and the corresponding classes of related compounds are summarized ...

higher temperatures, or in the presence of sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet light, H atoms in the hydrocarbon can be rep ...

Substitution is the most common kind of reaction of an aromatic ring. Halogenation, with chlorine or bromine, occurs readily in ...

Groups other than hydrogen can be substituted by other atoms or groups of atoms. For example, the bromine atom of an alkyl bromi ...