Chemistry, Third edition

14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS extremely rapidly in an effort to use the odd electron to form a covalent bond. For example, th ...

FACTORS AFFECTING REACTION RATE the reactant molecules. However, as the molecules of M and N approach each other their outer ele ...

248 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS ●A reaction which possesses a low EAis relatively insensitive to temperature because most o ...

FACTORS AFFECTING REACTION RATE 249 BOX 14.1 As the bonds in reacting molecules are rearranging during a collision, the energy o ...

250 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Catalysts are important in industry. For example, iron is used to catalyse the produc- tion ...

REACTION RATE EXPRESSIONS 251 The rate constant ●One way to look at kis to think of it as the rate of reaction when all of the r ...

252 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Examples of rate expressions found by experiment Decomposition of ethanal Ethanal (CH 3 CHO ...

CALCULATIONS USING RATE EXPRESSIONS i.e., the order of reaction with respect to ethanal is 1.5. Since ethanal is the only react- ...

254 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Example 14.3 The formation of nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) at 400 K NO(g)Cl 2 (g)NOCl(g)Cl(g ...

CALCULATIONS USING RATE EXPRESSIONS 255 Finding the order of a reaction using the initial rates method We now look at the use of ...

256 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Example 14.4 The reaction of benzaldehyde with cyanide ions (as catalyst) at 50 °C was stud ...

MORE ABOUT FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS 257 What if there is no change in initial rate as [A] doubles? If experiments show that the ini ...

258 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS wherekis the first-order rate constant. Taking natural logs on both sides of this equation, ...

MORE ABOUT FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS Figure 14.10 shows a plot of [CH 3 N 2 CH 3 (g)] against t. The gradual fall in azomethane conc ...

14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS that 4.5 billion years ago (when the earth was formed), there was double the amount of uranium- ...

REACTION MECHANISMS 261 Chemical reactions which (like the chlorination of methane) occur in several steps are said to be comple ...

262 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Catalysis How catalysts work The idea of an overall reaction as consisting of several stage ...

REVISION QUESTIONS 3.The binding of the ethene and hydrogen molecules to the metal surface weakens the bonds within the CH 2 =CH ...

264 14 · SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS In an experiment carried out at 65 °C, the concentration of N 2 O 5 changed with time as fo ...

Dynamic Chemical Equilibria Objectives Explains what is meant by dynamic chemical equilibrium Defines equilibrium constant Di ...