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TNT MANUFACTURE 349 DNT, being lighter than the spent acid (sp. gr. at 60°C - 1.337, at 80°C - 1.318) rises to the surface. The ...

350 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Another method of TNT separation from spent acid consists in bringing the TNT to cry ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 351 is maintained by introducing live steam. 4000 kg of molten TNT (the amount obtained from 4 nitrators) are ru ...

Fro. 80. Diagram of the lay-out of manufacture of TNT with detoluation [6]. ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 353 The product of trinitration was drained off to a separator, where a temperature of about 80°C was maintained ...

354 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Nitration of MNT and DNT to TNT. The mixture of nitrotoluenes was con- verted into TN ...

TNT MANUFACTURE^355 FIG. 81. Flow sheet of the old method of manufacture of TNT in U.S.S.R. (Gorst ([7]). Here the acid is stirr ...

356 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES TNT and then sent to denitration. Excess of spent acid from dinitration (14) is dilut ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 357 Trinitration. The nitrator is filled with DNT and nitrating mixture is added (Table 84). TABLE 84 TRINITRATI ...

358 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES FIG. 82. Flow sheet of TNT manufacture in Krümmel. ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 359 The aim of dividing the operation into two stages is to achieve the most effec- tive thermal control, since ...

360 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES having a temperature of about 85°C is fed into a cast iron nitrator of 15 m^3 capacit ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 361 The acid liquid DNT is metered and fed into a cast iron nitrator of 12 m 3 cap- acity by means of compressed ...

362 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES c * FIG. 83. Washing tank for TNT (Bofors Nobelkrut). ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 363 TWO-STAGE MANUFACTURE OF TNT (OLD ITALIAN METHOD) In Italy a two-stage process of nitration has been used: T ...

The water-washed TNT contains 0.3-0.5% of acid. This value falls to 0.005% after repeated washing with boiling water. Pure TNT m ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 365 The following nitric acid balance for the nitration of over 800 tons of toluene is given below (according to ...

366 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES of nitrator. The nitration product collects at the top, where it flows off continuous ...

TNT MANUFACTURE 367 In this plant each of the nitrators is connected with a separator, into which the liquid from the nitrator o ...

368 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES The composition of the nitration products obtained in the separate nitrators is refle ...