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NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE 269 All three isomers are pale yellow substances, with the smell characteristic of mononitro compou ...

270 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES nitroso structure is ascribed (Fischer and Hepp [5], Green and Crossland [6]). They a ...

PREPARATION OF MONONITROTOLUENES In the nitration of toluene all three isomers are formed, the o- isomer being the predominant p ...

272 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES increase of the factor Φ. Figure 57 gives the proportion of m- nitrotoluene when acid ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE 273 The results from nitration at four different temperatures are given in Table 49. TABLE 49 Tempe ...

274 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES For TNT manufacture the presence of m- nitrotoluene in mononitrotoluene is naturally ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE 275 According to the same author, nitrating with a more dilute nitric acid (e.g. 32%, sp. gr. 1.32) ...

276 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES are separated individually, as all three are raw materials for the manufacture of the ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE To obtain 100 kg of nitrotoluene require 277 toluene 69 kg mixed acid 150 kg sodium hydroxide solut ...

278 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES a setting point of 49°C, the pure p-nitrotoluene (s.p. 51°C) remaining in the crys- t ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE 279 ...

280 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Column (8) is 12 m high and 0.35 m in diameter. Here m- nitrotoluene is dis- tilled o ...

o- Nitrotoluene toluene : NITRO DERIVATIVES was obtained by Beilstein OF TOLUENE^281 and Kuhlberg [21] from 2,4-dinitro- (4) m- ...

282 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES All the isomers are pale yellow, crystalline products. The compos ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE^283 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES The methyl group in dinitrotoluenes is particularly reactive due to the pre ...

284 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES With lead in the presence of dilute nitric acid, 2,4-dinitrotoluene forms inflam- mab ...

-_____. ~- - 1 NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE^285 PREPARATION OF DINITROTOLUENES The principal reaction products in the nitration ...

286 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES The crude dinitrotoluene consists (according to de Beule) of the following iso- mers ...

NITRO DERIVATIVES OF TOLUENE^287 FIG. 59. Influence of temperature on the yield of DNT. Nitration of o- and p- nitroto- luenes i ...

288 CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES Factor Φ % FIG. 62. Influence of the factor Φ (nitrating activity) on the rate of ni- ...