Organic Chemistry

Section 18.10 The Wittig Reaction 761 18.9 Addition of Sulfur Nucleophiles Aldehydes and ketones react with thiols to form thioa ...

762 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Tutorial: Wittig reaction–synthesis Evidence has accumulated that the Wittig reaction is a ...

Section 18.10 The Wittig Reaction 763 The Wittig reaction is a very powerful way to make an alkene because the reaction is compl ...

PROBLEM 34 SOLVED a. What carbonyl compound and what phosphonium ylide are required for the synthesis of the following alkenes? ...

CH 3 C O CH 2 CH 3 the Si face the Re face 1 3 2 Section 18.11 Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Addition Reactions: Reand SiFaces ...

PROBLEM 35 Which enantiomer is formed when a methyl Grignard reagent attacks the Reface of each of the following carbonyl compou ...

Section 18.12 Designing a Synthesis V: Disconnections, Synthons, and Synthetic Equivalents 767 When carrying out a disconnection ...

equivalents of the synthons they produce are not easily prepared. A retrosynthetic step must lead to readily obtainable starting ...

Section 18.13 Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones 769 18.13 Nucleophilic Addition to -Unsaturated Ald ...

770 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Nucleophiles that form stable addition products—that is, nucleophiles that are strong bases ...

Section 18.13 Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones 771 Like hydride ions, Grignard reagents add irreve ...

772 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY Two compounds—vernolepin and helinalin—owe their effectiveness as antic ...

Section 18.15 Enzyme-Catalyzed Additions to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 773 PROBLEM 39 Give the major product of each of ...

774 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II ENZYME-CATALYZED CIS–TRANS INTERCONVERSION Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of cis ...

Summary of Reactions 775 Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon of an - unsaturated Class II carbonyl compound is called d ...

776 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II g.Reaction with acetylide ions: h.Reaction with cyanide ion: Reactions of carbonyl compoun ...

Summary of Reactions 777 g.Reaction of an amidewith lithium aluminum hydride forms an amine: Reactions of aldehydesand ketonesw ...

778 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II Protecting groups (Section 18.8). a. Aldehydesand ketonescan be protected by being conver ...

Problems 779 Reactions of -unsaturated carboxylic acid derivativeswith nucleophiles (Section 18.14): Nucleophiles form nucleop ...

780 CHAPTER 18 Carbonyl Compounds II List the following compounds in order of decreasing reactivity toward nucleophilic attack: ...