Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

190 Heilbron natural philosophy if not to scientifi c farming or the relief of the poor. Among its fi rst professors were Thomas ...

Natural Philosophy 191 ematicians during the seventeenth century and several—Roger Boscovich, Girolamo Saccheri, and Leonardo Xi ...

192 Heilbron before greater powers newly bent on obtaining effi cient control of their re- sources. Their order remained alive, ...

Natural Philosophy 193 as Cameralwissenschaft, after the camera, or meeting room, in which mat- ters of state were discussed, ha ...

194 Heilbron calculation—directed interest and support to the study of natural philoso- phy and mixed mathematics. Another quant ...

Natural Philosophy 195 Jacobin science, as he and Lichtenberg called it, was dangerous as well as wrong. The true natural philos ...

196 Heilbron should cultivate it if he could. It would be futile to try to list those whom contemporaries valued as lovers of sc ...

Natural Philosophy 197 4:4–5, referring to the texts of Musschenbroek, Nollet, and others, and emphasizing their exclusion of na ...

198 Heilbron (London: J. Pemberton et al., 1736), 1:vii. This translation gives only the fi rst few vol- umes of Pluche, which w ...

Natural Philosophy 199 Various Kinds of Permanently Elastic Fluids, or Gases (London: T. Cadell, 1777), appended to Pierre Josep ...

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201 For well over a century physicians have celebrated ceremonial occasions by recounting how medicine escaped superstition and ...

202 Numbers engaged in a public spat over the standing of their respective fi elds. Sar- ton, envious of the support that The Jo ...

Science and Medicine 203 about the relationship between medicine and philosophy. “Most of those who study nature,” wrote Aristot ...

204 Numbers and physica, the study of nature. Partly to avoid such stigmatizing as- sociations, physicians often made a point of ...

Science and Medicine 205 century the Dutch- English doctor Bernard Mandeville dismissed some so- called Newtonian physicians as ...

206 Numbers philosophising” in place of “the wild and visionary hypotheses which disgraced the science of the preceding centurie ...

Science and Medicine 207 Despite such reservations at home, the French infl uence spread rapidly to the major medical centers of ...

208 Numbers Given these science- inspired aids to the practice of medicine, physi- cians possessed very practical—as well as pro ...

Science and Medicine 209 much- mentioned American obsession with practice and “getting ahead” deterred even scientifi cally incl ...