Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development Basic Concepts and Practice

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11 APPLICATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR METABOLITE IDENTIFICATION SHUGUANGMA ANDSWAPANK. CHOWDHURY 11.1 IN ...

proteins, lipids, and other endogenous material interfere with the detection of drug-derived material. Mass spectrometry (MS) ha ...

results in the reduction of analytical run time by a factor of 5, while still maintaining the chromatographic resolution (Johnso ...

spraying a sample solution from the tip of an electrically charged capillary in the presence of a flow of warm nitrogen to assis ...

Atmospheric gases (O 2 and N 2 ) and gas-phase solvent molecules initially react with electrons from a corona discharge and form ...

APPI is mainly used as an alternative to normal corona discharge APCI. APPI has produced equal or better detection limits compar ...

performed under ambient conditions. Other closely related methods have also been introduced, including desorption atmospheric pr ...

whereL,v, andVare the ion drift length, the ion velocity, and the accelerating potential, respectively. Despite the simplicity o ...

Separation of ions in a quadrupole mass filter is based on achieving a stable trajectory for ions of specificm/zvalues. Only ion ...

trap, therefore, doubles the ion current. Because of these advantages one can predict that in the not too distant future the LIT ...

11.2.4 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tandem mass spectrometry employs two stages of mass analysis, one to preselect an ion and the se ...

depending on the extent various information are sought. Early in the drug discovery process, metabolism studies are often aimed ...

TABLE 11.1 Common biotransformations and the corresponding elemental composition and m /z changes. Metabolic reaction Descriptio ...

TABLE 11.1 ( Continued ) Metabolic reaction Description Molecular formulachange m /z change R–CH OCH 2 CH 2 ! 3 R–COOH Ethyl eth ...

TABLE 11.1 ( Continued ) Metabolic reaction Description Molecular formulachange m /z change R–CO–R 0! R–CHOH–R 0 Ketone to alcoh ...

TABLE 11.1 ( Continued ) Metabolic reaction Description Molecular formulachange m /z change R–COOH ! R–CONHCH COOH 2 Glycine con ...

TABLE 11.1 ( Continued ) Metabolic reaction Description Molecular formulachange m /z change R–COOH ! R–CO–SG (GSH = Glutathione) ...

mass loss from the molecular ion can be used to specifically detect various conjugated metabolites. For examples, glucuronides, ...

the fragment ion or neutral fragment used in the PIS or CNLS experiments, the metabolite will not be detected. This is typically ...