Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

678 Chapter 19 During the postabsorptive (fasting) state, the plasma glu- cose concentration falls. As a result, insulin secreti ...

Regulation of Metabolism 679 molecules are thus increased while the plasma concentrations of glucose and amino acids are decreas ...

680 Chapter 19 glucagon secretion, promote gluconeogenesis —the forma- tion of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules. Low insul ...

Regulation of Metabolism 681 glucose concentration is too high ( mellitus is derived from a Latin word meaning “honeyed” or “swe ...

682 Chapter 19 In addition to the lack of insulin, people with type 1 dia- betes have an abnormally high secretion of glucagon f ...

Regulation of Metabolism 683 As previously stated, 90% to 95% of diabetics have type 2 diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabete ...

Rev.Confirming Pages 684 Chapter 19 microbiota into short chain fatty acids (acetate, proprionate, and butyrate; chapter 18, sec ...

Regulation of Metabolism 685 CLINICAL APPLICATION Metformin ( Glucophage ) is the most widely used drug for treating type 2 diab ...

686 Chapter 19 adipose tissue (there appears to be few b 3 receptors in the ordi- nary, white fat of humans, and none in other t ...

Regulation of Metabolism 687 normal, while a person who is hyperthyroid may have a basal O 2 consumption up to 50% higher than n ...

688 Chapter 19 Insulin-like Growth Factors Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), produced by many tis- sues, are polypeptides that ...

Regulation of Metabolism 689 catabolism of fat and the release of fatty acids from adipose tis- sue during periods of fasting (t ...

690 Chapter 19 elevation in blood Ca^2 1 by stimulating resorption of the cal- cium phosphate crystals from bone and renal excre ...

Regulation of Metabolism 691 maintained by hormonal control of the intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of these ions. Th ...

692 Chapter 19 Estrogen and Testosterone Another hormone needed for the regulation of the skeletal sys- tem is estrogen. In both ...

Regulation of Metabolism 693 Effects of Other Hormones People with hyperthyroidism are more prone to osteoporo- sis. Since both ...

694 Chapter 19 Figure 19.20 Scanning electron micrographs of bone. Normal bone (a) and bone from a person with osteoporosis (b) ...

Regulation of Metabolism 695 mineralization by increasing the tendency of these two ions to precipitate as hydroxyapatite crysta ...

696 Chapter 19 Figure 19.23 The negative feedback control of calcitonin secretion. The action of calcitonin is antagonistic to t ...

Regulation of Metabolism 697 B. Vitamins and elements serve primarily as cofactors and coenzymes. Vitamins are divided into tho ...