Cannabinoids

668 M.A. Huestis ance of these polar metabolites is low due to extensive protein binding (Hunt and Jones 1980). No significant d ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 669 are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase their water solubi ...

670 M.A. Huestis THC in the low- and high-dose cigarettes, respectively. The small percentage of the total dose found in the uri ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 671 method, while THC concentrations using eitherH. pomatiaβ-glucuroni ...

672 M.A. Huestis The bioavailability of CBD following the smoked route averaged 31% (range 11%– 45%) as compared to intravenousl ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 673 compound is found in the erythrocytes (Garrett and Hunt 1974; Widm ...

674 M.A. Huestis were higher than peak 11-OH-THC concentrations. Mean peak THCCOOH con- centrations were 24.5 ng/ml (range 15–54 ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 675 THC and 11-OH-THC were negative for all participants and for all d ...

676 M.A. Huestis Fig. 5.Predictive mathematical models for estimating the elapsed time in hours (Hrs) of last cannabis use based ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 677 5.2 Urinary THCCOOH Concentrations Detection of cannabinoids in ur ...

678 M.A. Huestis and analytical factors (e.g., assay sensitivity, specificity, accuracy). Mean detection times in urine followin ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 679 Fig. 6.Urine concentrations of 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆^9 -tetrahydrocan ...

680 M.A. Huestis Fig. 7.Excretion patterns of∆^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations (ng/ml) in oral fluid and plasma, an ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 681 recent cannabis use. Oral fluid samples also are being evaluated i ...

682 M.A. Huestis et al. 1997). Sweat was extracted with methanol and analyzed by GC/MS. The same investigators also evaluated fo ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 683 of daily cannabis users had positive cannabinoid hair tests by GC/ ...

684 M.A. Huestis Burstein S, Rosenfeld J, Wittstruck T (1972) Isolation and characterization of two major urinary metabolites of ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 685 Greene ML, Saunders DR (1974) Metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinol b ...

686 M.A. Huestis Heishman SJ, Stitzer ML, Yingling JE (1989) Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol content on marijuana smoking behavi ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 687 Johansson E, Noren K, Sjovall J, Halldin MM (1989b) Determination ...