Cannabinoids

648 J.A. Ramos et al. 3 Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Cannabinoids on Several Neurotransmitters Systems Endocannabinoids migh ...

Effects on Development 649 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (García-Gil et al. 1999b), and opioid peptide systems (Kumar et al. 1990; ...

650 J.A. Ramos et al. in females they are frequently smaller and transient, as has also been reported for other drugs of abuse ( ...

Effects on Development 651 proenkephalin-mRNA levels in rat fetuses at GD16 and GD18 in motor (caudate- putamen and cerebellum), ...

652 J.A. Ramos et al. 3.5 Endogenous Cannabinoid System When adult male, but not female, rats perinatally exposed to∆^9 -THC wer ...

Effects on Development 653 References Araki W, Wurtman RJ (1997) Control of membrane phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by diacylg ...

654 J.A. Ramos et al. Fernández-Ruiz JJ, Bonnin A, de Miguel R, Castro JG, Ramos JA (1998) Perinatal exposure to marihuana or it ...

Effects on Development 655 ylase in cultured fetal mesencephalic neurons and their activation increases the levels of this enzym ...

656 J.A. Ramos et al. Pérez-Rosado A, Manzanares J, Fernández-Ruiz J, Ramos JA (2000) Prenatal∆^9 -tetrahydro- cannabinol exposu ...

HEP (2005) 168:657–690 ©cSpringer-Verlag 2005 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids, ∆^9 -Tetrahydrocannabin ...

658 M.A. Huestis AbstractIncreasing interest in the biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicol- ogy of cannabinoids and in th ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 659 Pharmacokinetics encompasses the absorption of cannabinoids follow ...

660 M.A. Huestis 2 Pharmacokinetics of THC 2.1 Absorption 2.1.1 Smoked Administration Route of drug administration and drug form ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 661 Fig. 2.Individual plasma∆^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) time cours ...

662 M.A. Huestis after ad lib smoking of an approximate 2% THC cigarette (Ohlsson et al. 1980). Many individuals prefer the smok ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 663 OH-THC 3.4 ng/ml (range 1.2–5.6), and THCCOOH 26 ng/ml (range 14–4 ...

664 M.A. Huestis concentrationsoflessthan6.5ng/mlTHC,lessthan5.6ng/ml11-OH-THC,andless than 43.0 ng/ml THCCOOH were found after ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 665 2.2 Distribution THC concentrations decrease rapidly after the end ...

666 M.A. Huestis netic changes observed after chronic oral THC could not account for the observed behavioral and physiologic tol ...

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids 667 Fig.4.Majormetabolic routesfor∆^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) inhum ...