Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
in 1712 when he asserted that“Manchu troops can go dig ginseng, Han cannot.”Consequently, all banner personnel, regardless of th ...
impossible to be certain, there are indications that intensification of hunting and gathering combined with poaching and environ ...
In 1747 the Qianlong emperor himself concluded from pelts whose“color was not like it had been”that his pelt foragers were“conce ...
emperor was told that the only way to obtain pine nuts and pine cones was to cut down trees, then being done throughout the nort ...
sustainable form of relations between people and their ecology is grad- ually eroded, mainly to produce substantial quantities i ...
example ensured that a forage crisis would inevitably include an identity crisis. The ultimate unit of account for northeastern ...
701 b. An important early study of ethnic conditions beyond Fengtian is Wada Sei,“Natives of the Lower Reaches of the Amur,” 41 ...
29 QSL,DG 2 /i.c. 3 / 5 , 33 : 569 a;Kangxi chao Manwen zhupi,# 3706 ,p. 1537 ; MWLF, QL 16 / 5 / 13 [ 03 - 0172 - 0684 - 001 ]. ...
47 QSL,WL 35 / 5 / 1 , 1 : 49 a. For raids on the Donghai Jurchen, see Yuan Lükun et al.,Qingdai qian shi, 2 : 707 – 24 ; Matsuu ...
62 Wills,“Maritime Asia, 1500 – 1800 : The Interactive Emergence of European Domination,” 102 , 104. For tribute in the context ...
ecologies; Perdue,China Marches West, 44 – 50 ; Barfield,The Perilous Fron- tier, 16 – 20. For a political-military study from t ...
Usihun River to occupy new outposts to the northeast at the Sungari-Hūrha confluence; NFY KX 2 – 1676 : 70. 97 NFY, KX 2 - 1676 ...
of several mussel species native to the SAH basin,Unio mongolicusas well as Unio (or possiblyMargaritifera)dahuricus, were the m ...
commoners, called“irgen,”although both are generic terms for“people.” See, for example, HJY, KX 1 - 1684 : 228. 128 Hei-tu dang, ...
almost disappeared from the whole area. In 2014 , I talked to local vendors of forest products in the Changbaishan reserve regio ...
3 The Nature of Imperial Pastoralism in Southern Inner Mongolia In 2001 , theTaipusiBanner of the Shili-yin Gool League was cont ...
encompassed the full development of the herding system intimately linked with these and other regional military operations. Loca ...
not simply connect people ofhoshuuandgūsabanners but was a network also connecting banners and their herds. imperial pastoralism ...
280 km BEIJING Jirim Juu Uda akhC rah ihS iY-il Gn loo osoJ ut Dariganga Ulaanchab Yekhe Juu Aru Khorchin Baarin Dolon Nuur Qiqi ...
every”new banner“to guard their own territory and attend annual court audiences to offer tribute.”The prerequisite for carrying ...
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