Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
subject“tribute sable tribes,”an administrative abbreviation for a diverse group of indigenous peoples, including the Solon-Ewen ...
China proper, including robes, hats, boots, saddle cloths, belts, sashes, and fans. Quota shortfalls were sometimes punished by ...
(Ma:mentuhun urse) would not witness Ningguta’simpressiveconcentra- tion of military power that customarily formed the backdrop ...
historical process as“the exhaustion of hunting grounds, the discovery of new ones and their subjugation to Russian authority.”S ...
basin, pelts, mainly sable, represented about 7 to 10 percent of Romanov total revenues.^79 The Russian pelt tribute system, how ...
challenge by manipulating Russian vulnerability to both nature and custom. The Dagur made Khabarov, who stated that both sides h ...
in servitor ranks.Šarhūda’s fears were confirmed two years after his own major 1658 victory, the fourth military clash between t ...
The removal of Donghai Jurchen from the mid-SAH during the 1670 s was the operational centerpiece of this mobilization. By this ...
of cattle to be used for meat broth, an important staple that the Warka “were accustomed to eating.”The new recruits asked that ...
Warka, instead of submitting formal complaints, decided to slip back to their homes while ostensibly out hunting,fishing, or her ...
table 3New Manchu Mobilizations to Ningguta, 1676 (NFY KX 3 - 1676 : 101 - 11 ) (Clan)/Banner Companya No. of Households No. of ...
semiagricultural at best tried to adapt to regions where the prevalence of agriculture was relatively monocultural. Something of ...
cultivation duties and constant shifts between outposts had left them“no time to obtain shelters.”There were other requests that ...
mobilization in the mid- 1670 s that relocated the Warka and restructured their identity, a process that continued beyond Russia ...
Theseaimanwomen, possibly hunted down like sable or any other valuable boreal animal, were being used to produce new human resou ...
Bargut hunter recruits deployed to Hulun Buir, used to“living in the wild,”“had trouble understanding”orders if they were“too de ...
fish, pelts, and ginseng in Butha Ula in the late seventeenth century, Shengjing had forty-five otter pelt hunters operating in ...
Shortfalls earned lashes. Such provisions distinguish foragealbanfrom regular taxes.^119 A different quota system existed to the ...
The Qing state sought to subject ginseng, the single most valuable forage item in the northeast, to a more complicated system of ...
another one thousandjin, mainly for theNeiwufu. Butha Ula foraging, the last major form of banner ginseng gathering, would forma ...
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