Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
which a state is made prosperous are agriculture and war.”The orders are a series of tactics to be employed to compel universal ...
on an imperial progress through Henan that some places had not yet sown their fall wheat crop, but he could not decide if this w ...
sacred edicts, issued in 1673 , can stand as a representative expression of the basic assumption of cultivation relations as an ...
cultivate Mongolian lands, this would“spread out the population of China proper, and provide a greater surplus of grain.”^66 “Gr ...
The state recognized the distinctive efficacy of this combination in imperial arablist terms expressed as an ethnic hierarchy to ...
When ready in autumn, they return to reap it. Their departure was not without reason; Some for hunting, others to mind herds. Ye ...
the“diligence”of the locals in the execution of their agricultural and foraging tasks.^75 The environmental relations arising fr ...
was expressed in the Anhui common saw“looking to heaven for a harvest”(wang tian shou). Like Mongols, Anhui peasants did nothing ...
in practice, because both groups, to say nothing of their complex and variegated subdivisions, hunted and herded. The following ...
banner,“gūsa,” to distinguish those formations, such as the Pastoral Chakhar, that were under direct central state military auth ...
it, strictly speaking, conceived even as a space where“center and periph- ery were as one family”(zhongwai yi jia), in the idiom ...
usually based on hunting experience or social status rather than simple ethnic difference. Such differences are difficult to dis ...
rabbits, foxes, and gazelles in the mountain valleys and empty steppe.” Their pursuit would“suffice for battue training”that wou ...
Appropriate venery relations were formed from a complex network of human and nonhuman elements. The dynastic emphasis, however, ...
arablism networked cultural and ecological elements to construct ethnic and spatial hierarchies whose most enduring material leg ...
4 Wang Fuzhi,Huangshu, 12 : 532 ; Zhao Tingdong,Dili wujue, 56 , 65. For an overview of work on Wang in Chinese, see Sky Liu,“St ...
15 Yee,“Chinese Geographic Maps,” 2 : 35 – 70 ; Yee,“Chinese Maps in Political Culture,” 2 : 74 – 76 , 87 ; Henderson,“Chinese C ...
35 Wang Fuzhi,Huangshu, 12 : 538. 36 Wang Fuzhi,Song lun, 132. 37 Wang Fuzhi,Du tongjian lun, 10 : 436 – 37. 38 Wang Fuzhi,Du to ...
ed.,Qing jingshi wenbian, 2 : 884 b– 885 b, 888 b, 895 a– 898 a, 918 a, 950 b, 951 a, 961 b. 55 “Legalism”is a problematic term ...
69 QSL,KX 55 /ic 3 / 22 , 629 a– 30 a. 70 Qing Gaozong yuzhi shi 4 : 265 b. 71 Qing Gaozong yuzhi shi 4 : 265 b– 66 a, 12 : 52 b ...
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