Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands
85 Jiang Yongjiang,“Lun Qingdai monan Menggu,” 33 – 35. The terms“hos- huu”and“jasag”are also transliterated, more technically, ...
99 Qing Gaozong yuzhi shi 4 : 257 b. For further evidence, see Wang Chuihan, “Guoyu qishe yu Manzu de fazhan,” 61 – 62. 100 Rehe ...
2 The Nature of Imperial Foraging in the SAH Basin The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was established in 1960 , but the region ...
Borderland Manchus were a particularly valuable human resource formed under these conditions. They embodied the empire’s Manchu- ...
identity as it regimented variousindigenous peoples as New Manchus intogūsabanner units. This mobilization,however, also initiat ...
foraging and manchu identity Qing authorities sought to preserve ecological ties to their northeastern homeland among the Manchu ...
Here the progenitor of the Qing imperial house acknowledges the importance of foraging for the formation of Manchu political rel ...
agricultural products purchased nearly forty times over.^16 It is hardly surprising, then, that a 1635 Qing official diplomatic ...
Analysis of pristine foraging has also been problematic for contempor- ary western anthropology. Scholarship from the late 1980 ...
Conquest dynasties long before the Qing had been confronted with such conflicting environmental interests, as in the Khitan Liao ...
procured in the early 1750 s or the ten Manchurian moose calves captured in the Kangxi reign.^29 It was during the same reign th ...
Escalating elite imperial demand approached mass consumption of forage over time. The earliest function of Butha Ula units from ...
banner region that was probably comparable in expanse to a small modern prefectural municipality.^37 Units processed forage whil ...
forager did not arise from Han migration, usually denounced as the main agent for the erosion of traditional Manchu identity. In ...
Warka and the other Donghai, or“Savage”(Yeren), Jurchen lived intermixed between the Sungari-Hūrha (-Mudan, in Chinese) and Ussu ...
adult male captives that may have appeared in thefirstyearoftheKangxi emperor’s reign. This is one indication that manpower raid ...
The Jurchen acquired much of theirfifteenth-century agricultural cap- acity, critical for their subsequent rise, directly from H ...
grown with the development of imperial rivalry between major Eurasian states. Russians, too, raided for their own human resource ...
Hubu(Board of Revenue).^61 Northeastern“tribute”as used here thus describes general hunter-gatherer obligations, often reciproca ...
than forty-four hundred kilometers of the world’s ninth longest river. Manchurian mixed forests and the boreal or taiga forests, ...
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