Western Civilization

cavalry and as many as ten thousand foot soldiers. Af- ter the capture of Antioch in 1098, much of the crusad- ing host proceede ...

OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS The Siege of Jerusalem: Christian and Muslim Perspectives During the First Crusade, Christian knights laid s ...

THE THIRD CRUSADE The Third Crusade was a reaction to the fall of the Holy City of Jerusalem in 1187 to Muslim forces under Sala ...

Did the Crusades have side effects that would haunt European society for generations? Some historians have argued that the Crusa ...

CHAPTER TIMELINE CHAPTER REVIEW Upon Reflection Q What are the similarities and dissimilarities in the development of England, F ...

Suggestions for Further Reading THEMEDIEVALSTATES There are numerous works on the different medieval states. On England, seeR. F ...

C H A P T E R 11 The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century CHAPTER OUTLINE AND FOCUS QUESTIONS ...

Abbey in Leicester, England, was simply overwhelmed by the magnitude of the catastrophe. Knighton began his account of the great ...

In the 1330s, outbreaks of plague occurred in Cen- tral Asia. From Central Asia, trading caravans carried the plague westward, t ...

OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS Causes of the Black Death: Contemporary Views The Black Death was the most terrifying natural calamity of th ...

end of 1350, most of the flagellant movement had been destroyed. An outbreak of virulentanti-Semitismalso accom- panied the Blac ...

guilds of artists. At the same time, survivors, including the newly rich who patronized artists, were no longer so optimistic. P ...

The English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was the most prominent of all. It was a product not of desperation but of rising expectatio ...

broke out throughout Europe. Most famous was the revolt of theciompi(CHAHM-pee) in Florence in 1378. In the 1370s, not only was ...

The seemingly hopeless French cause fell into the hands of Charles the dauphin (heir to the throne), the son of Charles VI. The ...

free France and have the dauphin crowned king. In February 1429, Joan made her way to the dauphin’s court, where her sincerity a ...

FILM HISTORY Joan of Arc(1948) The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc(1999) JOAN OFARCis one of history’s best-known figures. A ...

professional soldiers, who tended to be more reliable anyway. As lord and vassal relationships became less personal and less imp ...

beyond approving measures pro- posed by the Lords, during Edward’s reign the Commons did begin the practice of drawing up petiti ...

kings came from the Spanish house of Aragon. The center of the peninsula remained under the rather shaky control of the papacy. ...