Western Civilization

FILM HISTORY ELIZABETH(1998) FILM&HISTORY DIRECTED BYSHEKHARKAPUR,Elizabethopens in 1554 with a scene of three Protestant he ...

Philip therefore ordered preparations for an armada (fleet of warships) to spearhead the invasion of England in 1588. The armada ...

That people who were disciples of the Apostle of Peace would kill each other over their beliefs aroused skepticism about Chris- ...

Suggestions for Further Reading THE REFORMATION Basic surveys of the Reformation period include J. D. Tracy, Europe’s Reformatio ...

C H A P T E R 14 Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500–1800 CHAPTER OUTLINE AND FOCUS QUESTIONS On the Brink of a New World ...

explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Convinced that he could find a sea passage to Asia through America, Magellan persuaded the king of ...

by medieval European travelers. Others followed the Polos, but in the fourteenth century, the conquests of the Ottoman Turks and ...

“Christians and spices.” He found no Christians, but he did find the spices he sought. Although he lost two ships en route, da G ...

monopoly on the use of firearms and explosives, but their effective use of naval technology, their heavy guns that could be moun ...

IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE Spices and World Trade PEPPER,CINNAMON,NUTMEG, and other spices from the East had long been a part of Eu ...

of its circumference or the extent of the continent of Asia. Convinced that the circumference of the earth was less than contemp ...

The Spanish Empire in the New World The Spanish conquerors known asconquistadorswere hardy individuals motivated by a typical si ...

had fled from Mexico, there came a great sickness, a pestilence, the smallpox.” With no natural immunity to the diseases of Euro ...

more. Between 1531 and 1550, the Spanish gained control of northern Mexico. THE INCA AND THE SPANISH In the late fourteenth cent ...

an economic and social system that permitted the conquer- ing Spaniards to collect tribute from the Indians and use them as labo ...

colonial powers. In the seventeenth century, however, their European neighbors to the north—first the Dutch and then the French ...

European merchant ships (primarily those of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Dutch Republic) car- ried European manufac ...

Portugal too small to maintain it. By the end of the sixteenth century, new European rivals had entered the fray. One of them wa ...

During the next fifty years, the Dutch occupied most of the Portuguese coastal forts along the trade routes throughout the India ...

The arrival of the Europeans had less impact on mainland Southeast Asia, where strong monarchies in Burma (modern Myanmar), Siam ...