Afghanistan. A History from 1260 to the Present - Jonathan L. Lee (2018)

afghanistan President of the Supreme Soviet, paid a state visit to Kabul only for Shafiq to decline the Soviet offer of joining ...

One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dic ...

afghanistan as promoted by the Pushtu Academy and the Musahiban dynasty from the 1930s. The pdpa, on the other hand, represented ...

a house divided, 1933–73 Zahir Shah and the administrations that had followed his own resignation in 1963. 6 Da’ud then listed a ...

afghanistan unfavourable impression on most observers, both foreign and inter national ... and one is hard pressed to find anyon ...

a house divided, 1933–73 accept. Within a matter of weeks after Da’ud’s coup, Afghanistan’s relations with Pakistan were once mo ...

afghanistan former deputies and elders’ to ‘attack the government as Communists’, 15 and proceeded to list a number of leading I ...

a house divided, 1933–73 before the onslaught but more than six hundred government troops and rebels died in the campaign, inclu ...

afghanistan be persuaded to make up the shortfall. Yet despite much costly travel, the financial returns were minimal and even t ...

a house divided, 1933–73 instructed the Pakistan media to suspend its anti-Afghanistan propaganda. Da’ud took the opportunity of ...

afghanistan fuel to Afghanistan, so when Iran subsequently agreed to sell Afghanistan millions of barrels of fuel oil at a price ...

a house divided, 1933–73 ‘to ever increase the stability and consolidation of the Republican Order’, declaring that it was ‘the ...

afghanistan meeting and despite pleas by both Soviet and Afghan officials he refused to meet with Brezhnev again. The spat in Mo ...

a house divided, 1933–73 imprisonment, Maulana Habib al-Rahman, Dr Muhammad ‘Omar and Khwaja Mahfuz Mansur were condemned to dea ...

afghanistan second offer of surrender, he, Na‘im and his few remaining loyalists died in a hail of bullets and their corpses wer ...

a house divided, 1933–73 Da’ud’s attempts to purge the pdpa and shift more into the Western sphere of influence led inevitably t ...

afghanistan administration proved as inept as its predecessors when it came to solving the country’s financial crisis. The shirk ...

a house divided, 1933–73 was at the best poor. The majority of households in Kabul still used water from heavily polluted shallo ...

afghanistan officials referred to each other as ‘comrades’, and the media and official communications were full of Marxist–Lenin ...

a house divided, 1933–73 ideology to the masses. The government established the country’s first national census under Polish sup ...