Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe - Robert Drews
South and west of the Kızılırmak, however, until late in the Bronze Age people seem to have spoken one or another of the Anatoli ...
the family evolved in southern and western Anatolia, then we must suppose that the Indo-European side of the family evolved some ...
Since the 1940s the argument in favor of northern Europe as the PIE homeland has rested largely on its river names, which Hans K ...
archaeologists recorded evidence for an ancient presence at 336 sites in the Çankırı and Karabük provinces of Turkey. Most of th ...
The Sea of Azov, the Khvalynsk culture and the Maikop culture Although southern Caucasia may have some claim to have been the PI ...
Figure 1.1The pre-Maikop (Map 1) and Maikop (Map 2) culture sites. Maikop itself is number 11 on the lower map. From Ivanova 200 ...
much greater than on the steppe. The soil in northern Caucasia is rich, and in the western and central region agriculture was ve ...
however, were probably not made in the grassland steppe. It is possible that they were built in southeastern Crimea, where in an ...
by food-producers. Out in the steppe the sod was too tough for farmers in the fourth millennium BCto plow, although it did offer ...
wagon they were conceived, in a wagon they were born, and their hope in life was to become wealthy enough to own several wagons, ...
the Baltic subgroup of Indo-European, with some very archaic features not far removed from PIE, is represented only by the Latvi ...
Evidently it was along the shores of the Baltic and the Kattegat seas that an influx from the southeast especially changed the p ...
location for the evolution of PIE is northern Caucasia and the steppe along the Don and the middle Volga, as settlers speaking t ...
17 The quotation comes from p. 6 of Melchert forthcoming. 18 Melchert forthcoming, p. 7. Anthony and Ringe 2015, p. 208, also im ...
to keep track of what was happening in their original homeland, a pattern described as ‘chain migration’ by Anthony (1997, 24). ...
have, however, found a number of clay models of two-wheeled carts. Indirect evidence comes from the conjunction of model wheels ...
64 Bakker et al. 1999. See also Anthony 2007, pp. 65–72 and Bondár 2012, pp. 21–27. 65 In defending their thesis that PIE was sp ...
77 See Piggott 1983, p. 21, for the “bent yew framework of the arched tilt” on a Late Bronze Age wagon excavated at Lchashen in ...
2 The Kurgan theory and the taming of horses For a long time most archaeologists and historians, including the present writer,^1 ...
4000 BC, regularly ate horsemeat (three-fourths of the bones from hearths and kitchen dumps were horse bones). Concluding from t ...
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