The Bulgars and the Steppe Empire in the Early Middle Ages

6 introduction us about their notions of alterity. It is then almost impossible to find any firm points or hidden references, wh ...

introduction 7 or general behavior in public. Such aspects of alterity are very impor- tant, under the assumption that alterity ...

8 introduction ‘texts’, but also the recognition of the fact that the sedentary world had encountered the nomads much earlier th ...

introduction 9 The majority of the sources concerning the problem under study originate from the sedentary world: Byzantine, Arm ...

10 introduction In sharp contrast to the sixteenth-century discovery of America by Europeans, a case of absolute alterity produc ...

introduction 11 in science and the Chinese—in art, the Arabs (in the language and in the genealogies.—author’s note), and the Sa ...

12 introduction the relations between periphery or border, and the center)^23 as well as L. Chvyr,^24 A. Khazanov,^25 R. Cribb,^ ...

CHAPTER ONE THE ‘OUTSIDE’ OTHER I.1. Th e Other is ‘locked behind walls’, or about the role of the initial visual demarcation On ...

14 chapter one silk, agricultural and craft products, as well as various precious objects (gold, silver, pieces of jewelry, etc. ...

the ‘outside’ other 15 is an indication that it was meant to be a barrier against the eastern ‘Hu’ (= barbarians), and then runs ...

16 chapter one other territories of their vast empire, and turned both regions into a reliable barrier and a bulwark against var ...

the ‘outside’ other 17 especially this which they may have regarded as the most civilized and which, as a consequence, was radic ...

18 chapter one the trade regulations but the nomads responded with violence, because for them it was the only way to change the ...

the ‘outside’ other 19 (= urban, civilized) world, as a punishment for the sins of the (civi- lized) people.^18 Th e horror prov ...

20 chapter one Th e walls were also able to arouse the curiosity of the “northern barbarians” and it did not take long. It was t ...

the ‘outside’ other 21 line (the so-called Long Clay wall; it was more than 230 km long).^25 Th is limitation of the borders had ...

22 chapter one mid-seventh century, and for the western Turks it was fi rst the Sas- sanians and later—the Arabs, especially aft ...

the ‘outside’ other 23 a certain extent.^33 However, it is beyond any doubt that living in the peripheral zone of the old sedent ...

24 chapter one Th eophilos (829–842) in Byzantium, they were returned to Byzantium aft er a successful campaign of the Byzantine ...

the ‘outside’ other 25 of ‘export’ of Byzantine infl uence in the Black Sea steppe region and a sort of observation point of the ...