The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

10 chapter one dramatically by the devastations of the invasion era and the savage extrac- tion of wealth which followed, was a ...

preliminary remarks 11 this being the case, it should be no surprise that merchants were seen as the saviours of state finances ...

12 chapter one kinds of commercial activity: they allowed unhindered access for foreign- ers in the lands which they governed,35 ...

preliminary remarks 13 symbiotic relationship between state power and trade beyond the lands under Mongol rule. the scholar who ...

14 chapter one While the Merovingian kingdom was in decline in the West, the Khazar empire began its ascent in eastern europe. t ...

preliminary remarks 15 the Kievan rusʼ, destroyed the Khazar commercial centres in his cam- paign of 962, among them the famous ...

16 chapter one to acquire the slaves which they imported from the regions north of the Black Sea in numbers sufficient to turn b ...

preliminary remarks 17 sultan al-ashraf Qānṣūh al-Ġawrī to warn him of the seriousness of the danger they were facing together, ...

18 chapter one elsewhere.57 however hard the Jochid khans tried to squeeze their vassals and their own subjects, the horde’s res ...

preliminary remarks 19 the Genoese and Venetians in crimea in 1343:62 the war led to a drastic drop in trade, which in turn caus ...

20 chapter one 1.1.3 The Silk Road as the Spine of Eurasian Commerce the vast network of eurasian trade routes made up a system ...

preliminary remarks 21 wares were to compete on the european market against similar goods which had come via the sea route throu ...

22 chapter one In the light of what has been said above, it seems that the Silk road was a paradox in need of explanation, since ...

preliminary remarks 23 while it also commanded the Southern corridor via Kabul and Kandahar in afghanistan and along the valley ...

24 chapter one do not end with scale alone. a comparison of the two episodes of expan- sion reveals fundamental problems and sol ...

preliminary remarks 25 qurultai of 1206, marked the triumph of a new identity with similarly all- encompassing values. When the ...

26 chapter one of nomad raids beyond the limits of their steppeland.83 only when gath- ered in greater than usual numbers, and t ...

preliminary remarks 27 scale and played the very lucrative role of principal intermediaries in interstate trade.89 the central s ...

28 chapter one of speed and numbers. Such advantages were of course only possible thanks to the horse, the quintessential milita ...

preliminary remarks 29 of the problems to come in the following decades: in 1218 chinggis Khan was impatient to send his horseme ...