How Not to Network a Nation. The Uneasy History of the Soviet Internet

226 Notes to Inroduction and Chapter 1 For more on the historical designator new media, see Benjamin Peters, “And Lead Us Not ...

Notes to Chapter 1 227 Days of Information Theory,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 19 (1) (1973): 3–8; and especially R ...

228 Notes to Chapter 1 For more on “trading zones,” see Peter Galison, Image and Logic: A Material Cul- ture of Microphysics ( ...

Notes to Chapter 1 229 Ibid., 91. George Dyson, Turing’s Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe (New York: Pantheon ...

230 Notes to Chapter 1 Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia (Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998), and McKenzie Wark, Molecular Red: ...

Notes to Chapter 1 231 Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak, 119–121. Published under the pseudonym “Materialist,” Voprosy ...

232 Notes to Chapter 1 Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak, 173–175. Ibid., 176–180. Kitov, “Chelovek, kotoryi vynes ki ...

Notes to Chapter 1 233 For more on Lysenko, see deJong-Lambert and Krementsov, “On Labels and Issues.” Wolfe, “The Cold War Co ...

234 Notes to Chapter 1 10 4. D. G. Malcolm, “Review of Cybernetics at [sic] Service of Communism, vol. 1,” Operations Research 1 ...

Notes to Chapter 1 235 12 5. Dirk Jan Struik, “Norbert Wiener: Colleague and Friend,” American Dialog 3 (1) (1966): 34–37. Bon ...

236 Notes to Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Economic Cybernetics and Its Limits Regarding the mutual embeddedness of practice and theory ...

Notes to Chapter 2 237 from the Soviet Secret Archives (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Paul R. Gregory, Restructur ...

238 Notes to Chapter 2 tries that depend on the factory for the machine that it produces. Francis Spufford, Red Plenty (Minneapo ...

Notes to Chapter 2 239 Members of this group include mathematician and founding computer scientist and game theorist John von Ne ...

240 Notes to Chapter 2 Ibid., 121. Ibid., 122. Ibid., 122–123. Castells, End of the Millennium, 24. For a basic review ...

Notes to Chapter 3 241 Chapter 3: From Network to Patchwork V. A. Kitov, E. N. Filinov, and L. G. Chernyak, “Anatoly Ivanovich ...

242 Notes to Chapter 3 Eduard A. Meerovich, “Obsuzhdenie doklada professor A. A. Liapunova ‘Ob ispol’zovanii matematicheskikh ...

Notes to Chapter 3 243 A sample of Kitov’s publications relevant to the EASU can be found here, accessed July 25, 2013: http:/ ...

244 Notes to Chapter 3 Janet Abbate, Inventing the Internet (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999); see also Peter H. Salus, ed. The ARP ...

Notes to Chapters 3 and 4 245 Kharkevich, “Informatsia i teckhnika,” 102. Ibid., 94. For the first public formulation of M ...