Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

lar sensation. These may be called association areas and perhaps are what truly make us individuals. It is probably these areas ...

the left hemisphere know what the right hemisphere is thinking about, and the right hemisphere know what the left hemisphere is ...

185 Central canal Pia mater Arachnoid membrane Dura mater Gray matter White matter Spinal nerve roots Dorsal root ganglion Subar ...

CRANIAL NERVES The 12 pairs of cranial nervesemerge from the brain stem or other parts of the brain—they are shown in Fig. 8–11. ...

vagus nerves (vagusmeans “wanderer”) branch exten- sively to the larynx, heart, stomach and intestines, and bronchial tubes. The ...

188 The Nervous System Optic chiasma Figure 8–11. Cranial nerves and their distributions. The brain is shown in an infe- rior vi ...

digestive secretions decrease and peristalsis slows; these are not important in a stress situation. Vasoconstriction in the skin ...

Sympathetic EyeCiliary ganglion Parasympathetic Salivary glands Pons Otic ganglion Vagus nerve Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandi ...

sympathetic; it is inactivated by cholinesterase in postganglionic neurons. Parasympathetic postgan- glionic neurons all release ...

192 The Nervous System STUDY OUTLINE Functions of the Nervous System Detect changes and feel sensations. Initiate responses to ...

reflex: (1) receptors, (2) sensory neurons, (3) CNS with one or more synapses, (4) motor neurons, (5) effector that responds. S ...

As tissue fluid, CSF brings nutrients to CNS neu- rons and removes waste products. CSF also acts as a shock absorber to cushion ...

Name the part of the cerebrum concerned with each of the following: (pp. 179–183) a. Feels the cutaneous sensations b. Contains ...

196 CHAPTER 9 Chapter Outline Sensory Pathway Characteristics of Sensations Cutaneous Senses Referred Pain Muscle Sense Sense of ...

CHAPTER 9 The Senses 197 New Terminology Adaptation (A-dap-TAY-shun) After-image (AFF-ter-im-ije) Aqueous humor (AY-kwee-us HYOO ...

Our senses constantly provide us with information about our surroundings: We see, hear, and touch. The senses of taste and smell ...

presence on the arm most of the time. The cuta- neous receptors for touch or pressure adapt very quickly to a continuing stimulu ...

wood floor, concrete, or beach sand? Yes, you could. But are we usually aware of the sensation from the soles of our feet? If al ...

201 Figure 9–2. Structures concerned with the senses of smell and taste, shown in a mid- sagittal section of the head. QUESTION: ...

indistinct). There are five (perhaps more) general types of taste receptors: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and savory. Savory (als ...