Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
The Endocrine System 223 Student Objectives (Continued) State the functions of thyroxine and T 3 , and describe the stimulus fo ...
We have already seen how the nervous system regulates body functions by means of nerve impulses and integration of information b ...
Instead, hormones are secreted directly into capillaries and circulate in the blood throughout the body. Each hormone then exert ...
226 The Endocrine System Figure 10–2. Hormones of the pituitary gland and their target organs. QUESTION:Which pituitary hormones ...
POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND The two hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are actually produced by the hypothalamus and simply ...
Oxytocin Oxytocinstimulates contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy and stimulates release of milk from the mammary gl ...
used in protein synthesis. Excess amino acids are changed to carbohydrates or fat, for energy storage. Growth hormone ensures th ...
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called thyrotropin, and its target organ is the thyroid gl ...
(LH is also called ICSH, interstitial cell stimulating hormone.) Secretion of LH is also regulated by GnRH from the hypothalamus ...
tioning of the brain, muscles, heart, and virtually all other organs. Although thyroxine and T 3 are not vital hormones, in that ...
CALCITONIN Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from the bones to the blood, thereby lowering blood le ...
234 The Endocrine System Bones Ca+^2 is retained in bone matrix Accelerates calcium absorption by bones Hypercalcemia (high bloo ...
atic islets; see Fig. 16–7); they contain alpha cells that produce glucagon and beta cellsthat produce insulin. GLUCAGON Glucago ...
cell respiration to produce energy. The liver and skele- tal muscles also change glucose to glycogen (glycoge- nesis, which mean ...
The Endocrine System 237 tion of both hormones is stimulated by sympathetic impulses from the hypothalamus, and their functions ...
238 The Endocrine System BOX10–3 DIABETES MELLITUS more water is lost as well, symptoms include greater urinary output (polyuria ...
The Endocrine System 239 Norepinephrine Epinephrine Dilates bronchioles Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose Increases us ...
The functions of the other adrenal cortical hor- mones are well known, however, and these are consid- ered vital hormones. Aldos ...
glucose for use by the brain. Cortisol is secreted in any type of physiological stress situation: disease, physical injury, hemo ...
The direct stimulus for cortisol secretion is ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn is stimulated by corticotrop ...
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