Medical Microbiology

454 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Epidemiologyandprevention.HIVistransmittedbyblood,bloodproducts, andsexualintercourse.Theviruscanal ...

RNAviruses 455 CombinationTreatmentsofHIVInfections: ToavoiddevelopmentofresistantHIVvariants,acombinationofatleastthree drugsfr ...

456 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Pathogen.Thenamereovirusisderivedfromtheabbreviationforrespiratory entericorphanvirus,recallingthat ...

RNAviruses 457 smallchildrenindevelopingcountries; 20 %oftheseinfectionsaredueto rotaviruses.Inthetemperatezone,rotavirusesareim ...

458 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Orthomyxoviruses &TherepresentativesofthisfamilyarethedifferentinfluenzaAviruses.The Atypeisthe ...

RNAviruses 459 Continued:StructureandReplication Thecloseassociationofcellularandviraltranscriptionisalsoreflectedinthefact that ...

460 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Epidemiology.InfluenzaAvirusesaregeneticallyvariable.Slightantigenic changesarethegeneralrule(antig ...

RNAviruses 461 Pathogen.ThefamilyBunyaviridaecomprisesover 200 viralspecies,among themfourhumanpathogengenera:Bunyavirus,Nairovi ...

462 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Diagnosis.Itispossibletoisolatethevirusfromblood,buttheprocedureis toodrawn-outandcostlyforroutined ...

RNAviruses 463 bytheAfricanLassaandtheSouthAmericanJuninandMachupoviruses showhighlethalityrates(hemorrhagicfevers). Diagnosis:L ...

464 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Diagnosis.Intheacutestage,arenavirusescanbeisolatedfromthepatient’s blood.Postmortemisolationisbest ...

RNAviruses 465 &Paramyxovirinaewiththegenera: — Paramyxoviruswiththehumanpathogenspeciesparainfluenzavirus types 1 and3. — R ...

466 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Pathogenesisandclinicalpicture. &Theparainfluenzavirusescauseflulikeinfections,mainlyinsmallchi ...

RNAviruses 467 &RSvirusescausebronchiolitisorpneumonia,mainlyinchildrenuptosix monthsofage,orrarelyuptotwoyears.Immunestatus ...

468 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Pathogen.Therhabdovirusesofsignificanceinhumanmedicineareclassi- fiedinsevengenotypes.Type 1 isthec ...

RNAviruses 469 ofhumansandanimalsbyinoculatingnewbornmiceorcellcultureswith braintissueorsaliva. Becauseantibodyproductionbegins ...

470 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen Personsexposedtoanincreasedriskofcontractingrabiescanalsobegiv- enpre-exposureprotectionwiththreedo ...

RNAviruses 471 Filoviruses(MarburgandEbolaViruses) &TworelatedAfricanvirusesaresubsumedunderthenamefiloviruses, MarburgandEb ...

472 8 VirusesasHumanPathogen SubviralPathogens:ViroidsandPrions &Viroidsarephytopathologicallysignificant,noncodingRNAmolecu ...

SubviralPathogens:ViroidsandPrions 473 Prions Pathogen.Attentionwasfirstdrawntocertainencephalopathicagents whosephysicalpropert ...