Encyclopedia of Islam

the Federation of Islamic Associations of the United States and Canada (FIA) was formed. The first conference of the FIA was hel ...

of Muslims from other East African countries such as Kenya or Tanzania. Seven years later came the revolution in Iran, resulting ...

which is transforming the street hunters into indoor pets. See also Folklore. Nuha N. N. Khoury Further reading: Cats of Cairo, ...

Islamicate cities were usually located outside the city gates, where they could be easily reached by funeral processions and peo ...

Umar Memon, Ibn Taymiyya’s Struggle against Popular Religion (The Hague: Mouton, 1976); Christopher C. Taylor, In the Vicinity o ...

to a continuation of certain Soviet policies toward Islam. In Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, state- sanctioned Islam is all that i ...

approximately 250,000 reFUgees. Though Russia has claimed victory and has set up a pro-Russia political administration, they do ...

for, raised, and educated was thought to have a direct bearing on his or her physical, mental, and spiritual growth. Parents wer ...

and government inefficiency and corruption have also had detrimental effects on children in Muslim countries. International agen ...

Chiragh Ali (1844–1895) 19th-century Indian religious reformer and secularist thinker Chiragh Ali was a Kashmiri Muslim who serv ...

samii “hearer,” basir “seer,” and alim “knower”) with yogic forms of breath control, meditation, and other ascetic practices. Th ...

state patronage. Despite close ties to members of the mUghal dynasty, the ideal of separation from the state has prevailed, cont ...

Fide Orthodoxa. The Quran also rejects monasti- cism, which had become a major expression of Christian piety and asceticism in t ...

success and eventually led to the mobilization of a Muslim Jihad to expel the “Franks.” With their foreign ways and crudities so ...

has been much more positive. Large communities in the Americas and even more significant ones in Europe are having the effect of ...

that had a nationalist edge and socially critical content, which directly appealed to Arab popular audiences that had living mem ...

1994, Tunisia), and Palestinian Elia Suleiman, whose film Divine Intervention won the Grand Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festiv ...

murky and pessimistic. More than half the country’s nearly 500 movie theaters were confiscated or closed down. Contrary to expec ...

international repute). Thus, Muslims maintained a strong creative presence in postpartition Indian cinema. The late Shahir Ludhi ...

People (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2001); Arab Cin- ema: Walter Armbrust, Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt, (Cambridge: Ca ...