Encyclopedia of Islam

World, Vol. 2, The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th Centuries (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997); Stanley Wolpert, A New ...

As a consequence of electoral participation, some of the more militant Salafi Islamists have formed alliances and coalitions wit ...

The Deoband curriculum follows the hanaFi legal school and provides advanced training in religious law. The original Deoband cen ...

material possessions, which may necessitate beg- ging for subsistence, a more spiritual sense of poverty suggests the control of ...

century. Each Sufi order developed its own dis- tinctive code of dhikr practices, which it ascribed to its founding Sufi masters ...

the territories controlled by the nascent Islamic state. The relevant quranic verse in that regard commands the Muslims to “figh ...

putative Islamic state, thereby emptying dhimmi status of any real meaning. See also christianity and islam; dar al-islam and da ...

talists. Muslims, for their part, were reluctant to participate in interreligious dialogues for sev- eral reasons. Language pose ...

dietary laws Many religions and cultures define themselves not only by what they believe, but also by what they eat and how they ...

ages are said to be impure and can prevent Mus- lims from fulfilling their religious duties unless avoided or removed. Only in c ...

woman need not even be present when he pro- nounced divorce, and no formal judicial process was required. Medieval Islamic divor ...

creatures worthy of humane treatment and valued for their usefulness in guarding property, hunting, and herding sheep. The ambiv ...

a spacious plaza atop a hill on the eastern edge of the city where the ancient Israelite temple of Solomon used to stand. This s ...

“good dream” (ruya hasana)—as distinguished from demonic-inspired “muddled dreams” (adghath al-ahlam)—has provided a paradigm fo ...

See also bidaa; night JoUrney and ascent; salaFism; sUFism. Linda G. Jones Further reading: Toufic Fahd, “The Dream in Medi- eva ...

today. Among the leading Druze families are the Jumblats of Lebanon, the Atrashes of Syria, and the Tarifs of Galilee in Israel. ...

206 J:AF East Africa The Islamic religion first appeared in East Africa during the lifetime of mUhammad (ca. 510–632), when he s ...

between the different religious communities, as evidenced by the long-standing civil war in Sudan between the Islamic north and ...

Around the age of 15, students who had com- pleted two or three years in a Quran school, or the equivalent with tutors, could ob ...

cational travel was recognized early in Islamic history, as expressed in a well-known hadith that commanded, “Seek knowledge, ev ...