Physical Chemistry , 1st ed.

Example 5.2 The following reaction is set up with the initial amounts of each substance listed below. 6H 2  P 4 →4PH 3 18.0 mo ...

At constant temperature and pressure, this becomes (dG)T,p 0 i idni Substituting for dnifrom equation 5.2, this becomes (dG)T ...

where aand bare the coefficients of the balanced chemical reaction. The chemical potentials can be written in terms of the stand ...

Example 5.4 For molar amounts, the standard Gibbs energy of reaction for the following reaction at 25°C is 457.14 kJ: 2H 2 (g) ...

Rather, a forward process is balanced by a reverse process. To emphasize that forward and reverse reactions are occurring simult ...

 0.204 mol You should be able to verify the value of using any of the other three sub- stances in the reaction. b.At equil ...

These equilibrium amounts are in terms ofmoles,not in terms of pressure. We are given the total pressure at equilibrium as well ...

where again we omit the units for clarity. It is easy to see that the sum of the two partial pressures equals 0.750 atm. The equ ...

particular phase at a specified temperature and standard pressure is repre- sented by °i. In the last chapter, we found that  ...

equilibrium constant. Note that this is not the case in conditions of extreme pressures or temperatures. For chemical species th ...

Because for dilute aqueous concentrations the molality is approximately equal to the molarity, it is not uncommon to write equil ...

Since (^) rxnG°RTln K, we can substitute for ( (^) rxnG°/T) and get    T (Rln K)p^ r T xn 2 H° Ris a constant, and th ...

If (^) rxnH° is assumed to not vary over the temperature range, it can be removed from the integral along with R, and the expres ...

the volume were suddenly decreased to 0.500 L at the same temperature, ef- fectively doubling the pressure. The equilibrium then ...

at chemical equilibrium, it would be dead! Nevertheless, the concepts of equi- librium are useful in biochemical reactions. Appl ...

of a chemical process. In these expressions, a reaction quotient appears, which is a construction involving the reactants and pr ...

5.2 & 5.3 Equilibrium and Chemical Equilibrium 5.1.Can a battery that has a voltage be considered a system at equilibrium? H ...

5.16.At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium con- stant is 4.00 for the gas-phase isotope exchange reaction H 2 D 2 2 HD ...

5.32.Consider the balanced chemical reaction CH 4 (g) Br 2 (g) →CH 2 Br 2 (g) 2HBr (g) A system starts with 10.0 mol CH 4 and ...

6 141141 T HE PREVIOUS CHAPTER introduced some of the concepts of equilib- rium. This chapter and the next will expand on those ...